"We won't take our borders to heaven."

"Unfortunately," replied the Soviet-, we are less likely to meet for work together, that one day we will be visited by extraterrestrial beings."

There is a race of men,
there is a race of Gods.
Each of them draws its vital
breath from the same mother,
but their powers are diverse, so that some are nothing
,
and others are the masters of the luminous sky
that is their citadel forever.
However, all of us
partake of the great intelligence;
We have a little bit of the strength of the immortals,
even if we
don't know what the day has in store for us,
what fate has in store
for us before the night closes.

"The idea that the existence of beings endowed with reason is not limited to the existence of the human being. to Earth, but is a widespread phenomenon in a a multitude of other worlds, appeared in the very remote past, when Astronomy was still in its infancy. It is very plausible that his roots to be rooted in primitive cults, which "vitalize" things and Phenomena. The Buddhist religion contains rather vague notions on the plurality of inhabited worlds, within the framework of the theory of the transmigration of souls. According to this conception, the Sun, the Moon, and the stars are the places they migrate to the souls of the dead before attaining the bliss of nirvana.
"The progress of astronomy has given a more concrete and more concrete basis. to the idea of the plurality of inhabited worlds. The Most Greek philosophers, idealists or materialists, do not they regarded Earth as the only home of intelligence. Only We can bow to his genius intuition, if we consider the the level at which science was at that time. Thus, Thales, founder of the Ionian school, taught that the stars were made of the same matter as the Earth. Anaximander asserted that worlds are born and they are destroyed. In the opinion of Anaxagoras, one of the first proponents of heliocentrism, the Moon was inhabited. I saw in the "germs of life," scattered everywhere, the origin of all that is living.
"In the course of the following centuries, and up to our own time, Various sages and philosophers have adopted the idea of "panspermia." according to which life has always existed. The Christian religion fairly quickly accepted the concept of the "germs of life."
"The materialistic school of Epicurus defended the plurality of worlds He imagined them to be similar to our Earth. Mitrodoro, for example, thought that "to regard the Earth as the The only populated world in boundless space was such nonsense. It is as unforgivable as to say that, in an immense sown field, he can sprout a single ear." It is interesting to note that the By this doctrine they understood by "worlds" not only the planets, but also the planets. also all kinds of celestial bodies scattered in the expanse of the Universe. Lucretius ardently defended the idea that the The number of inhabited worlds is immeasurable. In his De Rerum Natura, wrote:

"It must be confessed that there are other regions of the space, other lands than our own, and races of men and other wildlife."

Let us observe, in passing, that Lucretius was absolutely mistaken about the nature of the stars, which he took for bright emanations from the earth. By This placed their worlds populated by intelligent beings beyond the boundaries of the visible universe.
"Then, and this was to last a millennium and a half, the victorious Christian religion would the center of the Universe, following Ptolemy and preventing us from delving into the theories of the multiplicity of worlds Inhabited. It was the great Polish astronomer, Copernicus, who, later to refute Ptolemy's system, he showed for the first time the Humanity, the place it really belonged. And when "the return of the Earth to the place that was assigned to him", the possibility of life in other Planets received a scientific foundation. The first observations through the telescope, thanks to which it opened up Galileo, a new era in astronomy, stirred the imagination of his contemporaries. It became clear that the planets were bodies celestial lights very similar to Earth. And this led, naturally, to Ask this question: If there were mountains and valleys on the moon, why did they have mountains? Why could there not be cities, with inhabitants endowed with reason? ¿By that our sun was to be the only star accompanied by a cohort of planets? The great Italian thinker Giordano Bruno expressed these bold ideas clearly and unequivocally:

"There is An infinity of suns, of lands that revolve around their suns how our seven planets revolve around our Sun... Beings those worlds inhabit the living."

The Catholic Church took revenge cruelly of Bruno: declared a heretic by the Holy Office, he was burned in Rome, in the Campo dei Fiori, on February 17, 1600. This crime of the The clergy against Science was not to be the last. Till the end of the seventeenth century, the Catholic Church (as well as the Churches of the Protestants) did not fail to put up a bitter resistance to the theory heliocentric. But, little by little, even theologians understood the futility of that struggle and began to revise their positions. At the present time, they do not see in the existence of beings in others There is no contradiction between the dogmas of their religion.
"In the second half of the seventeenth century and throughout the eighteenth, wise men, Philosophers and writers devoted a large number of books to the problem of life in the Universe. Let us quote Cyrano de Bergerac, Fontenelle, Huygens, Voltaire. His works, which were purely speculative, united the depth of thought (which is particularly true of Voltaire) the elegance of the form.
"Let us take the Russian sage Lomonosov, let us take Kant, Laplace, Herschel, and we shall see that the idea of the plurality of inhabited worlds had spread absolutely everywhere, without anyone, or Almost no one, in scientific and philosophical circles, dared to rise up against it. Only isolated voices opposed the concept that made the planets so many foci of life, and of life conscious. Thus, William Whewell, in a book published in 1853, he thinks, with a certain audacity for the time (the times have changed!), which the planets are far from being able to offer shelter to life, since the elderly are composed "of water, gas and vapours", and those closest to the Sun "receive an enormous amount of heat, and water cannot be preserved on its surface." It proves that there can be no life on the Moon, an idea that took a long time to penetrate minds. In fact, at the end of the nineteenth century, William Pickering still asserted, with absolute conviction, that the Alterations in the lunar landscape were explained by displacements of large masses of insects... Let us observe, in passing, that later this hypothesis was resurrected to be applied to Mars...
"The following example will show us the extent to which it had been In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the idea of universal extension of conscious life. The Famous Astronomer Herschel considered the sun to be inhabited: the spots To him, the suns were like tears in the blinding clouds that they completely enveloped the dark surface of the star; through The inhabitants of the Sun could admire the vault starry... And Newton also thought that the sun was inhabited.
"In the second half of the nineteenth century, Flammarion's book, The plurality of inhabited worlds, reached extraordinary popularity: in France alone, there were thirty editions in twenty years, and was translated into many languages. Starting from positions idealists, Flammarion considered life to be the ultimate goal of the formation of the planets. Written with a lot of imagination, in A lively if somewhat far-fetched style, his books caused great impression on his contemporaries. What shocks the current reader the most is the disproportion between the derisory amount of knowledge about the nature of celestial bodies (Astrophysics had just been born) and the emphatic tone in which the author affirmed the plurality of inhabited worlds... Flammarion appealed more to the sensibility than reasoning.
"At the end of the nineteenth century and in the XX, the old hypothesis of the "Panspermia" reappeared, in new forms, and attained a wide range of diffusion. According to this metaphysical concept, life exists in the world. Universe from all eternity. Living substance is only begotten starting from inert matter, according to exact laws, and transmitting from one planet to another. Thus, according to Svante Arrhenius, fine grains of dust, propelled by the pressure of light, they carry to others planets particles of living matter, spores, or bacteria, without they lose their vitality. When they find in one of those favorable conditions, the spores germinate and give rise to all the further evolution of life.
"If, in principle, the possibility of this cannot be denied, transfer from one planet to another, it is difficult, at the moment, to accept such a mechanism when it comes to systems Stellar. Arrhenius thought that the pressure of light can imprint considerable speeds to dust grains. But what we have now We know about the nature of interstellar space, it excludes that possibility. In short, the thesis of the eternity of life is incompatible with the idea that, on the basis of a great many observations, We have been trained in The evolution of stars and galaxies. According to this idea, the In the past, the universe was composed only of hydrogen, or hydrogen and helium; the heavy elements, without which it is Inconceivable any form of life, they only appeared later.
"In addition, the redshift of the spectrum of galaxies suggest that, ten or fifteen billion years ago, the state of the Universe made the existence of life unlikely.
"It could therefore arise only in certain regions and at a certain stage of evolution. For this reason, The main thesis of the Panspermic Theory seems to us to be wrong.
"The Russian Constantin Tsiolkovsky, the father of astronautics, was ardent defender of the plurality of inhabited worlds. We will quote Just a few of his quotes:

"Is it conceivable that Europe is and the other parts of the world are not?"

And then:

"The Different planets present the various phases of the evolution of living beings. What humanity was a few years ago, we can to know it by interrogating the planets..."

If the first appointment doesn't rather than repeating what ancient philosophers said, the second It contains a very important thought that has been developed after. The thinkers and writers of past centuries They imagined the civilizations of the other planets, from the point of view of socially, scientifically and technically, similar to what they saw on Earth in his time. As for Tsiolkovsky, he called rightly draw attention to the considerable differences in between the civilizations of the various worlds. However At the time, these hypotheses could not yet be confirmed by the Science.
"The history of the ideas of the plurality of inhabited worlds is intimately linked to that of cosmogonic conceptions. Thus, in the first third of the 20th century, when the hypothesis circulated Jeans, according to which the sun owes its courtship to planets to an extremely rare cosmic catastrophe (the "half-shock" of two stars), most of the sages considered life as an exceptional phenomenon in the Universe. It seemed extremely unlikely that in our galaxy, composed of more than a hundred thousand million stars, there was only one, besides the Sun, that had a planetary system. The collapse of Jeans's theory, after of the 1930s, and the flowering of astrophysics, almost led us to the conclusion that there is a considerable amount of of planetary systems, and that the solar system is a rule, more than an exception, in the world of the stars. In spite of everything, This supposition, which is highly probable, has not yet been strictly Shown. .
"The progress of stellar cosmography has contributed and continues to contribute decisively to the solution of the problem of the appearance and evolution of life in the Universe. Today, we know distinguish the young stars from the old ones, and we know for how long they radiate an energy constant enough to conserve life on the planets that move around it. In Finally, the stellar cosmogony makes it possible to predict, for a period of time, the destinies of the sun, which it obviously has of paramount importance for the future of life on Earth. We see, then, that the last ten or fifteen years of research astrophysics have made it possible for the problem of the plurality of inhabited worlds to be considered scientifically.
"A similar offensive has been carried out on the fronts of the Biology and Biochemistry. The problem of life is, to a great extent, part, chemical. In what way, and under what conditions? external molecules, the synthesis of organic molecules could take place. that led to the appearance of the first living matter? Over the past few decades, biochemists They made considerable progress in this field, relying on the all in laboratory experiments. However, we have the impression that it was only very recently that the possibility of address the problem of the origin of life on Earth, and thus on the other planets. We are just beginning to raise a point of the veil that surrounds the sanctum sanctorum of living substance: the inheritance.
"The Remarkable Successes of Genetics and, Above All, the Discovery of of the "cybernetic significance" of deoxyribonucleic acids and ribonucleic, puts back on the table the definition of life. It is becoming increasingly clear that the problem of the origin of the Life is, in large part, a genetic problem. Your solution will be able to will be achieved in the fairly near future, if progress continues of a science as young as molecular biology.
»The launch into orbit of the first artificial satellite of the Earth by The Soviet Union, on October 4, 1957, opened a new era in the Soviet Union. radically new in the history of the idea of the plurality of inhabited worlds. From then on, the study and mastery of the space surrounding the Earth advanced with enormous rapidity, in order to culminating in the flights of Soviet cosmonauts and, later, the Americans. Men suddenly realized that they dwelt in A tiny planet submerged in the vastness of cosmic space. Naturally, everyone had studied a bit of astronomy in the United States. school (pretty poorly taught, by the way) and I knew, "theoretically," Earth's place in the cosmos. Without However, practical activity continued to be governed by geocentrism spontaneous. That is why we will not tire of insisting on commotion produced in the consciousness of men in this principle of a New Era of Human History: The Age of Direct Study and, More onward, of the conquest of the cosmos.
"Thus the question of the existence of life on other worlds It left the field of abstraction to acquire a meaning concrete. In a few years' time, it will be experimentally resolved in what concerning the planets of the solar system. They will be sent "detectors of life" to the surface of the planets, and those They will report, without possible error, what they find in it. It's not far away from the day the astronauts will land, as well as on the Moon, on Mars, and, perhaps, even on the enigmatic and little and begin to study life, if at all. exists, according to the same methods employed by biologists in the Earth.
"The enormous interest shown by the man in the street in what he is doing The problem of life in the Universe explains the fecundity of the works that famous physicists and astronomers dedicate to great scientific rigour, to the establishment of contacts with the inhabitants of the other planetary systems. Now, in order to To deal with this issue it is impossible to hold on to a speciality. It is necessary to develop hypotheses about the prospects of evolution of civilization in many thousands and even millions of years. And this is a delicate task and, moreover, ill-defined... Without However, it has to be carried out, it is very concrete, and the solution that It can, in principle, be practically verified.
"The object of this book is to acquaint non-readers with the knowledge of the book. of the current state of affairs. We say "current", Because our ideas about the plurality of inhabited worlds It is evolving, at the moment, very quickly. In addition, and unlike other works on the same subject (such as Life in the Universe, by Oparin and Fesenkov, and Life in the Other Worlds, by Spencer Jones), who study, above all, the planets of the solar system and, in particular, the planets of the solar system. Mars and Venus, we devote quite a considerable amount of space to the other planetary systems. Finally, and that we As far as we know, this is the first time that an analysis of the the eventual existence in the Universe of conscious life forms, and of possible contacts between civilizations separated by the intersidereal space.
"The book is divided into three parts. The first provides the basis essential to understanding current concepts, on the evolution of galaxies, stars and stars. planetary systems. The second one looks at the general conditions of the appearance of life on the planets. It also raises the question of question of the habitability of Mars, Venus, and others planets of the solar system. The end of this part contains a Critique of the latest variants of the theory of panspermia. By Finally, the third part discusses the possibility of the existence of conscious life in certain regions of the Universe. Focuses mainly attention to the problem of the establishment of Contacts between the civilizations of planetary systems Different. This third part differs from the first two in that that they set forth the concrete discoveries of science in the a certain number of fields, while the former predominates, necessarily, the hypothetical element: we don't yet have any contact with the civilizations of the other planets, and we don't know when we will establish it, or if we will ever establish it... Which is not to say that this part is devoid of everything scientific content and is pure fiction. On the contrary, it is in this place in the book where they are exposed, with all possible rigour, the very recent achievements of science and technology, which are susceptible to to one day achieve success. This part gives, at the same time, an idea of the power of the human mind. From now on, Humanity, by its activity, has become a factor of importance cosmic. What can't we expect from the centuries to come?

Meanwhile, Chklovsky resumes, on account of an imagination legitimate scientist, the dreams to which he indulged, at the beginning of the In the 1st century, a provincial master, Constantin Tsiolkovsky, who saw to conquer space, reorganizing the solar system, taming the color and light of the sun, encompassing the stars and "Directing the little planets as we govern our own horses." Imagine, too, like Sagan, the activity, in remote galaxies, from civilizations other than our own.

"Why Why not presume that the activity of intelligent beings and Perfectly organized, you can modify the properties of entire star systems? The strange phenomena we observe in the nuclei of galaxies, starting with our own, could they not attribute to the initiative of certain civilizations? And, finally, and Even if one hesitates to think about it, and even more so to write it, could one not To find the cause of the exceptionally powerful radiation of certain galaxies (the radio galaxies) in the activity of highly organized forms of matter, and to which It's even hard to call smart?" It is true that he considers arguments that would lead us "to the sad corroboration of our almost solitude in the Universe."

But he rejects them.

"Yes," he says, " Let us hope that this is not the case, and that the "cosmic wonders" that We observe prodigies of intelligence across the worlds and proof of the existence of "masters of the luminous heaven, which is its enduring strength.'"

'The The way in which Mr Agrest puts the problem seems to us to be absolutely sensible and deserves careful analysis."

"As far as we know," says Chklovsky, "we don't There is only one material monument of the past culture in which We can see, fundamentally, an allusion to thinking beings who have come to the United States. of the cosmos."

We feel the same way. It's quite possible, because for example, that the famous Saharan fresco of the Tassili, which depicts a "Martian" wearing a diving suit (images below), has been abused (a a little for us and a lot for others) as a demonstration.

Without Yet we continue to think, like Sagan and his Russian colleague,

"That the Research in this direction is neither absurd nor absurd. anti-scientific. You just have to keep your cool down."

• First: archaeology The scientific science has only just begun, and there are no doubt that it has many things in store for us. surprises, and the idea of a cosmohistory can break new ground of research.
• Second, we find traces in the memory of the men, in legends and myths, but we have not yet studied these with ample curiosity. Sagan provides a demonstration of this referring to the legend of the Akpallus, to which we shall return shortly.
• Thirdly, contact with such primitive beings as Earthlings of the ancient millennia did not justify the Installation of a base. This foundation could be on the far side of the Moon, and we'll only find the business card of the when we have reached a sufficient technological level.

"Forty light-years from Earth, the news about A recent technical civilization is already flying among the stars. If there are beings there who scan the heavens, waiting for them to An advanced technical civilization will appear in our region of the They will know our knowledge, for better or worse. And maybe Centuries from now we will receive an emissary. I wish that, When the visitors from the far-off star arrive, we will have progressed further and we have not destroyed everything."

"Like Agrest, Sagan turns his attention to legends and legends. myths. He places particular emphasis on the Sumerian epic, which recounts the regular apparitions, in the waters of the Persian Gulf, of strange beings who taught men trades and sciences. Is It is possible that these events took place not far from the city Eridu, about the first half of the fourth century, millennium B.C." "Before our Era" is the way to Marxist to say before J. C. This makes us think about the stages Huxléy's Brave New World; before Ford and after Ford... But let's get back to our business. Carl Sagan proves, relying on In his research, a very clear break in the history of the Sumerian culture, which passed abruptly from stagnant barbarism to a the brilliant flourishing of their cities, to the building of complex irrigation canals, the development of astronomy and Mathematics. In reality, we know nothing about the origins of the Sumerian civilization. René Alleau, a French scholar, formulates a Surprising hypothesis: the Sumerians did not come from Earth, but from the of the sea. They had lived for a long time in the ocean, in agglomerations And only after an encounter, in the waters, With superior beings from space, they passed to Earth, They built their cities and developed the civilization that They had taught them. This idea is based on the legend of the Akpallus, studied by Carl Sagan.
"In my opinion," says Chklovsky--,, "the hypotheses of Agrest and Sagan does not contradict himself. Agrest presents an interpretation of the biblical texts. But these texts have deep roots Babylonians. The Babylonians, the Assyrians, and the Persians were successors of the Sumerian and Akkadian civilizations. It is therefore not possible to exclude that these biblical texts and myths predate Babylon reflect the same events. We certainly couldn't provide sufficient scientific evidence on this. But not for Such hypotheses are no longer worthy of attention.

extraterrestrial visitors, Wearing diving suits and aboard a spaceship that landed On the sea, they came to bring men the rudiments of the knowledge. These men founded Sumer. Mankind had to to preserve, for a long time, the memory of some half-hearted beings. men, half fish (the helmet; the armor, reminiscent of the brightness scales, and the respiratory system, like a tail that prolong the body), which had come from an unknown exterior, to communicate knowledge. The sign of the fish, which he had to distinguish Later to the initiates of the Near East, it is perhaps related to this fabulous memory.

Story by Alejandro Polilihistor: In the first book concerning the history of Babylon, Berossus declares that he lived in the time of Alexander, son of Philip. He mentions writings preserved in Babylon relating to a cycle of fifteen tens of millennia. These writings related the history of the skies and the sea, the birth of humanity, as well as the history of those who held sovereign powers. Berose describes Babylon as a country extending from the Tigris to the Euphrates, where wheat, barley, and corn abounded. sesame. In the lakes, there were roots called gongae, edible and equivalent to barley in terms of nutritional value. There were also palm trees, apple trees, and most of the fruits, fish, and birds that are known to us. The part of Babylon bordering on Arabia was arid; in the one that stretched out on the other side, there were fertile valleys. At that time, Babylon attracted the heterogeneous peoples of Chaldea, who lived without law and order, like the beasts of the fields.
In the course of the "first year," an animal appeared endowed with Ganes, from the Persian Gulf (reference to the story of Apollodorus). The animal's body was similar to that of a fish. He possessed under his fish-like head, a second head. It had feet humans, but fishtail. His voice and language were articulate. This creature talked to men during the day, but did not eat. He introduced them to writing, to the sciences, and to the various arts. He taught them how to build houses, how to build temples, how to practice and to use the principles of geometrical knowledge. He also taught them to distinguish the grains of the earth and to Gather the fruits. In a word, he instilled in them all that he could contribute to softening their customs and humanizing them. At that time At that time, his teaching was so universal that it could not be sensibly refined. As the sun sets, that The creature would dive into the sea, to spend the night "in the depths." Because it was "an amphibious creature."
Later, there were other animals similar to Oanes. Berossus Promises Speak of them when you tell the story of the kings.


Story of Abidenus:

This refers to the wisdom of the Chaldeans. It is said, in it, that the The first king of the country was Alorus, who claimed to have been appointed by God to be the shepherd of his people; He reigned ten saris. Currently It is estimated that one sarus is equivalent to three thousand six hundred years; a neros, six hundred years old, and a sos, sixty years old. After He reigned Alaparus, for three saris. He was succeeded by Amilarus, of Pantibiblon, and reigned for the space of thirty saris; In its time, a a creature resembling Oanes, but half deruonius, called Annedotus, It rose again from the sea. Then Ammenon of Pantibiblon, who reigned for twelve saris. He was succeeded by Megalarus, also of Pantibiblon, whose reign was eighteen saris. Next, Daos, the shepherd A native of Pantibiblon, he ruled for ten saris; In his time, four double-faced characters emerged from the sea; They were called Euedocus, Eneugamus, Eneubulos and Anementus. Then came Anodaphus, from the time of Euedoreschus. And other kings followed, the last of them which was Sisithrus (Xisuthrus). There were ten kings in all, and the length of his reign was one hundred and twenty saris...


"This," says Apollodorus,

"is the story as it was handed down to us Berossus. He tells us that the first king was the Chaldean Alorus, of Babylon: reigned for ten saris; then came Alaparus and Amelon, natives of Pantibiblon; then Animenon of Chaldea, in from which appeared the Annedotus Musarus Oanes, from the Persian Gulf (Alexander Polyhistor, anticipating the event, He claims that it took place during the first year. On the other hand, according to the In Apollodorus' account, there are forty saris, although Abideno does not places the appearance of the second Annedotus until after twenty-six saris). He was succeeded by Magalarus of Pantibiblon, who reigned during eighteen saris; then came the shepherd Daonus, from Pantibiblon, who he reigned for the space of ten saris; In his time (he affirms) it appeared, from the Persian Gulf, the fourth Ànnedotus, which had the the same form as the previous ones, that is to say, an aspect that was partly of fish and part man. Then, Euedoreschus, from Pantibiblon, He reigned for eighteen saris. During his reign, another character, named Odacon. It came, like the previous one, from the Gulf Persian, and had the same complicated shape, a mixture of fish and fish. man. "All," says Apollodorus, "related in detail, according to the circumstances, which Oanes taught them. Abydeno does not mention these apparitions.) Afterwards Amempsinus of Laranchae reigned, and, as he was the Eighth in the order of succession, he ruled for ten saris. After Otiartes, a Chaldean born in Laranchae, who reigned for eight years, came to the Sarees.
After the death of Otiartes, his son Xisuthrus reigned for Eighteen saris. That's when the Great Flood came...


After

the death of Ardates, his son Xisuthrus succeeded him, reigning for eighteen saris. It was at this time that the Great Deluge, the story of which is told in the following way: The god Cronus appeared in a dream to Xisuthrus and let him know that he would have a flood on the fifteenth day of the month of Daesia, and that Mankind it would be destroyed. He therefore ordered him to write a history of the origins, progress, and the ultimate end of all things, up to our day; to bury these notes in Sippara, in the City of of the Sun; to build a ship and take his friends and relatives. Finally, he ordered him to embark everything necessary for the maintenance of life, which would gather all species animals, both those that flew and those that ran on the earth, and to be entrusted to the deep waters... When he asked the God how far he should go, he replied, "As far as the gods."

"Suddenly, the landscape changes. The Mesopotamian civilization, which It was plunged into darkness, it crystallizes. The fundamental plot, the framework within which Mesopotamia had to live, which to ask the most profound questions, to value oneself and to value the Universe for centuries to come, burst forth with life and fulfilled their end."

• Were these places chosen by the Masters? Come from the stars?
• How, and why?

• Alpha of the Centaur
• Eridanus Epsilon
• 61 Swan
• Epsilon of the Indian
• Tau of the whale, fifteen light years away from us.

"Stories such as the legend of Oanes, and the oldest figures and texts concerning the emergence of the first civilizations (interpreted, to this day, exclusively as myths or myths) ravings of the primitive imagination), would merit critical study more extensive than those carried out to date. These studies they should not reject a branch of research relating to contacts with an extraterrestrial civilization."

"No doubt the names of these natives were saved from the oblivion, while the memory of his work was obscured, as as a consequence of both the disappearance of those who had received their tradition as well as the length of time that has elapsed. Indeed Always, after the sinkings and the floods, what was left of the human species survived in an uncultured state, having knowledge only of the names of the princes who had reign in the country, and very little about his work. That's why they liked it They gave these names to their children, though they were ignorant of their merits men of the past and the laws they had enacted, with the exception of some obscure traditions and relative to each of them. Destitute as they were, they and their children, for many years, were deprived of their lives. generations, of the things necessary for, existence, absorbed the mind on these things that were missing, and taking them as the only thing they wanted. subject of their conversations, they did not concern themselves with what was going on. or the events of the past, or the events of the past remote. Actually, the study of legends, the investigations relative to antiquity, were two things which, with leisure, entered the cities at the same time, from the moment they For a few years, the needs of the existence; but not before."

"The one who Waiting for a rider must be very careful not to confuse the noise of his hooves with his heartbeat."

SAUCE: