The Rise of the Sorcerers: Chapter Three - THE HISTORY OF IMPOSSIBLE MAPS
This chapter is a reproduction of an article by Paul-Émile Victor. Two maps of the world at the Topkapi Museum. - Piri's Curious Tale Reis on Christopher Columbus. - The Surprise of Arlington H. Mallery. - Pre-glacial maps! - In History, you have to wait surprises as great as in nuclear physics. - Interpretation Russian. - The Phoenician hypothesis. - Were there cartographers ten thousand years ago? years? - Were there sky maps? - Was there an ignored branch of the breed? human? - The great archaeological discovery of the century is yet to be made. be born.
The maps of Piri Reis have a perfectly historical reality dated and verified, beginning in 1513, and a reality 'prehistoric' in the technical sense of the word, i.e. conjectural and without corroborating documents, which It corresponds to before 1513. Let's start with what is known so Safe and irrefutable.
The maps of Piri Reis have a perfectly historical reality dated and verified, beginning in 1513, and a reality 'prehistoric' in the technical sense of the word, i.e. conjectural and without corroborating documents, which It corresponds to before 1513. Let's start with what is known so Safe and irrefutable.
On November 9, 1929, Malil Edhem, Director of the Turkish National Museums, in carrying out the inventory and the classification of everything existing at that time in the famous Topkapi Museum, Istanbul, discovered two maps of the world -or, or rather, fragments of them – which were thought to be lost to always: the maps of Piri Reis, famous hero (for the Turks) or pirate (for everyone else) of the sixteenth century, who recounts in his memoir, Bahriye, the conditions and circumstances in which he drew these maps.
For the time being, the story The writing did not arouse much attention; But the map was to give him, gradually, a considerable value. Actually, we had to wait at the end of the Second World War to truly undertake the comparative study of the maps and the text of Piri Reis.
Belonging to a family of great Turkish sailors, Piri Reis, A remarkable navigator, he reaped successes in the four corners of the Mediterranean and the neighboring seas, he won numerous victories and contributed to the assertion of maritime supremacy, of the Ottoman Empire.
But Piri Reis was And so, as he ran his adventures, he spent some time writing the Bahriye, in which the picturesque and lively notes on all the ports of the Mediterranean, and maps of various kinds (21 in total). And Also, before he started writing, he took time to design two maps of the world: one in 1513 and the other in 1528 (during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent).
He was a conscientious and exemplary cartographer. He begins by stating that the Drawing a map requires deep knowledge and a indisputable. In his preface to the Bahriye, he speaks at length of his first map, drawn in his hometown, Gelibolu, from 9 March to April 7, 1513 (919 AH). Declares who, in order to draw it, collated all the maps he knew, about twenty, some very secret and very old, including certain oriental maps which, surely, no one else that he owned in Europe.
His knowledge of Greek, Italian, Spanish and helped him a lot to get the most out of the Directions contained in all the maps you consulted. In addition had a map made by Christopher Columbus himself and that had come into his possession thanks to a member of the crew of the famous Genoese. This sailor had been taken prisoner by Kemal Reis, Piri Reis's uncle, and was thus able to complete his life Voice the knowledge of our Turkish cartographer.
So far, the Piri Reis's work was of only anecdotal interest, although it did not as a testimony to the greatness of the past for the Turks, and as a demystification of the "Barbary pirates" for Europeans. The Bahriye was, therefore, for a long time, a A "classic" Turkish work, for educated people. However, even before the maps he mentions were known, and which were to be pose a formidable question to many researchers in the field of his deep knowledge could have prevented him from historians would fall into their most tremendous error: the assertion of that Christopher Columbus had discovered America.
Columbus rediscovered, or, rather, it revealed to Western Europe a continent whose Existence was known, until then, only to a few Initiated. The Turkish admiral's testimony could not be clearer and unequivocal. In the chapter on "The Western Sea" (the name given to the was given for a long time to the Atlantic Ocean), speaks of the Genoese navigator, whose adventure he relates in these Terms:
"It was an infidel, named Colombo, who was a Genoese, who discovered these lands. A book came into the hands of the above-mentioned Colombo, the He saw that it was said in the book that, on the other side of the sea To the west, there were coasts and islands, and all kinds of metals, as well as precious stones. The above-mentioned, After studying the book for a long time, he went to plead, one after another. another, to all the notables of Genoa, saying to them: "Give me two ships to go there and discover those lands." They will They answered, "O vain man! How can you find a limit to the western sea? It is lost in the fog and in the night."
"The aforesaid Colombo saw that he would get nothing out of the Genoese, and hastened to meet the King of Spain, to tell him detail about its history. They answered him the same as in Genoa. But he pleaded with the Spaniards for so long that their King was at liberty to give him two boats, very well equipped, and said to him, "Oh, Colombo! If what you say happens, I will make you a Rapudan of that country." So saying, the King sent Colombo to the western sea."
Piri Reis then goes on to the account given to him by the sailor of Christopher Columbus, who was now his slave. It would be useless reproduce this story in its entirety, in which the astonishment is explained of the European sailors to the savages almost completely naked that they found on the islands where they set foot when they arrived. However, there is one detail that is essential to our purpose:
"The inhabitants of this island saw that no evil came from them. our boat; So they caught fish and gave them to us. they brought, employing their canoes. The Spaniards rejoiced not a little and they gave them trinkets, for Colombo had read in his book that Those people were very fond of trinkets."
This detail extraordinarily surprising, and one that, in our opinion, has not has not yet been commented on by anyone, it acquires greater prominence if the We relate to some indications contained in one of the maps of Piri-Reis, where he states that the book in question dated from times of Alexander the Great. It is difficult to say that our Admiral had this famous book in his possession, but in In any case, he was undoubtedly familiar with its text.
It was, then, deliberately, that Christopher Columbus set out to discover America. He trusted in his valuable book, and the events that followed. they proved him right; but he confined his confidences to the Genoese notables and the King of Spain. Publicly, he pretended share the current opinion of his time: how the Earth was round, it seemed natural that, sailing westward, it would return sooner or later, to the starting point, after pass through countries on their way, but in the opposite direction, known in Europe.
Some cartographers gave testimony to this general belief. There is, for example, a map attributed to a certain Toscanelli and which Christopher Columbus took with him On his expedition: in it you can see, from right to left, the coasts European; then the "Western Sea", and finally the island of "Cepanda" (another form of "Cipango", the name by which it was known then to Japan), the country of "Cathay" (China), India and the islands of South-East Asia. Not the slightest hint of America in this map! This deep-rooted view explains why the New World was given the name of "West Indies".
Since it is not our purpose to demystify Christopher Columbus, We will not dwell on their predecessors, who discovered America, but without realizing the importance of the fact and without trying to delve into the issue. The Vikings are the most acquaintances, and we'll talk about them again soon. But Piri laughs He cites others, who are greeted by those in passing: Savobrandan (converted into St. Brandan), the Portuguese Nicola Giuvan, another Portuguese, Anton the Genoese, and so on.
The truth is that, even before the map of the more credit should have been given to Piri Reis. In his book, He repeats on many occasions: "There is nothing in this book that does not merge in facts." The 215 maps contained in the Balzriye allowed check their sayings perfectly. He adds. "The smallest mistake renders any marine chart useless." Let's not forget that he's a sailor Who says it, a man who knows betrayal and servitude of the sea. Let us bear that observation in mind as we examine his maps of the world.
Only fragments of these maps are possessed, but they contain the the whole of the Atlantic and its American, European, African, Arctic and Antarctic. Traces appear on parchment illuminated and enriched with numerous illustrations: portraits of the sovereigns of Portugal, Morocco and Guinea; in Africa, an elephant and an ostrich; in South America, flames and Pumas; in the ocean and by the coasts, ships, and on the islands, birds.
The captions of the illustrations are written in Turkish. The Mountains are indicated by their profile, and rivers, by thick lines. Colours are used in a conventional way: rocky landscapes they are painted black; the shallow, sandy waters They point with red dots, and the pitfalls hidden beneath the surface of the sea, with crosses.
These are the venerable scrolls discovered in 1929. The The Turks looked at them with caution and devotion, thinking with nostalgia in the lavish times of the Ottoman Empire and without being further study of the matter. Various libraries of the acquired reproductions. In 1953, a Navy officer Turkish company sent a copy to the chief engineer of the Hydrographic Bureau of the U.S. Navy, who showed her to a specialist in ancient maps, acquaintance of his: Arlington H. Mallery.
And then the "matter" of the Piri maps really began Reis.
Who is Arlington H. Mallery?
An engineer by profession, he had always interested in the things of the sea, and during the Second World War II had served on the transport of army. When he graduated—he was a captain—he devoted his leisure time to a subject that he was passionate about: Europe had discovered America before Christopher Columbus. Patients language research (for demonstrate the influence of Old Norwegian on the Iroquois language), meticulous studies of the Scandinavian sagas, searches patiently directed archaeological surveys, deciphering ancient "portolans", led him to reconstruct the Viking epic in Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland and the Canadian coast.
He gave an account of his discoveries in a book, Lost America, published in 1951 and prefaced by Matthew W. Stirling, editor of the Smithsonian Institution's Office of American Ethnology, which It had considerable resonance. Captain Mallery defended his thesis and provided evidence that there had been a civilization in the Americas not only before the European conquest, but also, perhaps, before the American people.
However, this was only the beginning of an adventure that It would make it that much more exciting. When you received the maps from Piri Reis, already had a lot of experience in the field, and it was enough for him to first glance at the documents to understand that the The discovery was unparalleled by previous ones. Arlington H. Mallery immediately had the intuition that those maps They concealed a fascinating mystery.
But he didn't jump blindly into his studio. His previous work has led him to They had always been encouraged to consult the technical authorities considered indisputable. And this is what he did, working with famous cartographers (chiefly, with Mr. I. Walters), polar scientists and technicians (among them, R. P. Lynchan).
The first problem that arose was the actual decryption of the maps, i.e., of the projection system used, which, at least at least In the eyes of a layman, it seems strange at first glance. But the specialists, thanks to the resources of modern trigonometry, were able to decipher them: a Swedish explorer, Nordenskjold, managed to In eighteen years, the "translation" of the Portolans into the modern cartographic language. Their work served as the basis, first, for Mallery, and later, Charles Hapgood and his disciples.
These They made such accurate checks that they were able to affirm that the maps of Piri Reis came from different origins, and reconstitute, at least theoretically, the primitive puzzle. This work, constantly verified by mathematicians, is, to the hilt, the date, the best demonstration that the maps of Piri Reís are a real problem, and that the intuitions of the the first people who discovered them and, above all, Mallery, they were spot on. The evidence of its antiquity is very numerous. Note, for example, that the flame drawn on those maps was unknown to the Europeans of the time.
As for the longitudes, exactly indicated, not even Christopher Columbus knew calculate them. To understand its exceptional character, the first thing to do is to What you need to do is compare these maps with others in the same Epoch: the difference is immediately obvious, even for those who worked eighteen years in the portolans. Let's quote some of those: the map by Jean Severs, published in Leyden in 1514, accurate as far as Europe and Africa are concerned (note, in Central America and North America confuse).
The map attributed to Lopa Hamen and published in 1519 does not is better than the previous one: the dimensions of America are disproportionate to those in Africa; the distance between Africa and the Americas is much smaller than the real one, and the configuration of the New World is almost impossible to recognize.
Another map, drawn by a Portuguese whose name is unknown, appeared in 1520. America ends abruptly south of Brazil. You have to It was precisely that year that Magellan undertook their sea voyage around the Americas, and that, therefore, the The results of this scan were still unknown.
Moreover, a map of America, published in Sebastian Munster's cosmography in 1550 - that is, almost forty years after those of Piri Reis - is a long way from much to be satisfying, even if the New World appears at last identified as a continent. We are thus faced with some facts Bahriye's claims are corroborated by the maps of Piri Reis. It is indisputable that he possessed information truths about America, different from those provided by Christopher Columbus and before him. But how long Previous? Here's the whole thing.
We must now examine the modern interpretation of these maps. We are faced with two theses: the American and the Russian.
Let us first of all follow Mallery, who had the merit of discovering the mystery, and Hapgood, who was determined to solve it.
The portion of the map between Newfoundland and southern Brazil, apart from its accuracy, astonishing for the time, did not It poses decryption problems.
As far as the north and the south are concerned of the map, and once the directions have been "translated" into language modern cartographic work, Mallery became convinced that Piri Reis had drawn the coasts of Antarctica, and that, on the other hand, On the one hand, Greenland and the Antarctic continent were designed... Just as they were before the glaciation of the poles!
This hypothesis, at first sight outlandish, can only be formulated -even before discussing it, which we will get to later- if it is is in a position to define, more or less exactly, the configuration of Arctic and Antarctic terrestrial sockets under the layer of ice that covers them today.
Knowledge in this regard has only recently been acquired. Modern techniques (gravimetry, seismic surveys, etc.), perfected and experimented primarily in Greenland by the French polar expeditions, and later in Antarctica, have yielded Spectacular results.
First, it was possible to measure the thickness of the ice sheet: Greenland, the maximum thickness is 3,300 meters; in Antarctica, It reaches 4,500 meters. Afterwards, it was possible to make a map of the Greenlandic relief, with its heights, just as it really is below of the huge ice sheet. Similar work was carried out in certain areas of Antarctica.
Arlington H. Mallery thus had geographical elements at his disposal with which to compare the data on the maps of Piri Reis.
His personal conclusions, vigorously sustained at the Georgetown University, were resounding: Greenland drawn by the Turkish admiral corresponded to the lines of relief discovered by the French polar expeditions (which reveal two middle narrowings that cut through Greenland). In as for the coast, which greatly prolongs that of South America, it was none other than Antarctica: Arlington H. Mallery It took the work of following the map millimeter by millimeter and making, each time, the timely comparison with modern data.
You have to To say that, in this way, he arrived at conclusions that are, at the very least, surprising: for example, the islands indicated by Piri Reis Off the coasts coincide with what appear to be peaks Subglacial Mountains Discovered by the Antarctic Expedition Norwegian-Swedish-British in the Land of Queen Maud, and whose layout it was published in the June 1954 issue of the Geographie Journal.
Also with reference to Queen Maud's Land, Mallery He studied, in the course of his comparisons, a map of the coast Antarctic Continental Continent built by Peterman in 1954. In its view, both coincided perfectly, except for one point: Piri Reis it indicated two bays, and Peterman, the mainland. Mallery raised the question of problem to the Hydrographic Service.
He had managed to interest to such an extent to the most competent technicians, that the Americans They undertook seismic soundings to verify the site. And it was the Piri Reis map was right! It is not, therefore, of It is surprising that, at the time of the above-mentioned meeting, the The hypothesis of the antiquity of the Piri Reis maps ceased to be merely speculative.
"The work carried out up to the date of "Today," says Rev. P. Linehan, "they indicate that these maps look like extraordinarily accurate."
And elsewhere he adds:
"I think some complementary seismic studies, which make it possible to determine the respective location of the ice and the mainland, They will show that these maps are even more accurate than we think currently."
But not everyone agrees on this point. The Russians, who, as is well known, participate with many Western nations in the study of the Antarctic continent, formulated other theses on the issue. Carrying out their own transposition work, concluded that the Piri Reis route did not corresponds to Antarctica, but to the southern tip of Patagonia and the Tierra del Fuego. But this is not a minor problem, since that these regions did not begin to be officially known until 1520.
On the other hand, other opinions have been expressed in Russia itself on the issue. Professor L. D. Dolguchin, Institute Geographical, he thought that these maps could represent Antarctica, but that the information contained therein does not come from before the Ice Age, a period that dates back to one million years ago (later we will see the current theses on this subject). problem).
Professor M. Y. Mepert, Secretary of the Institute Archaeological, stated:
"In history, you have to expect such surprises as in nuclear physics. This is why it is necessary to study these maps."
In the case of such a non-conformist subject, it is appropriate, in any case, to Proceed with caution. The first point proven is that Piri Reis On the American continent, it possessed data prior to the "discovery" of Christopher Columbus. It might be assumed that these The data comes from the epic of the Vikings, at the time very well-known and almost out of medieval limbo. But the Vikings, for example, Reckless as they were, they knew only a small part of the North America, which, on the other hand, they did not know was a continent. A recent discovery has given a lot to talk about: the from a map found in Switzerland and bearing the date 1440.
In it you see, on a par with Scandinavia, first, Iceland; after Greenland, and, finally, a larger island, in which it is believed that recognize the mouths of the St. Lawrence and the Hudson, turned into deep bays. The inscription reads as follows: "Discoveries of Bjarni and Leif." Let us clarify that, according to the Norwegian sagas, Bjarni Herjolfson sailed to the shores in 986, and Leif Ericson in 1002.
The Vikings cannot, therefore, explain the maps of the Vikings on their own. Piri Reis. These are corroborated by other facts. It exists, therefore, For example, another map of the world, known as the Map of the World, is known as the Gloreanus and which is in the Bonn Library. As long as you don't To the contrary, it dates from 1510. It seems, therefore, to predate those of Piri Reis. This map gives us not only the configuration of the entire Atlantic coast of America, from Canada to Tierra del Fuego, which in itself is extraordinary, but also that of the entire Pacific coast, also from North to South.
The data of official history are not enough to solve the mystery posed by the existence of these maps. We must, therefore, go back boldly the chronology. Let us dwell, first of all, on the Russian interpretation: Piri Reis would have drawn, not Antarctica, but Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. These countries were, at the time, Unknown. Not even the Vikings knew about them. The only a seafaring people to whom this could perhaps be attributed knowledge is the Phoenician.
It has been historically proven that The Phoenicians practiced coastal navigation throughout the European West Coast. Did they go further? Did they dare to Face the vastness of the ocean? At the very least, you can ask the question. It is true that, throughout antiquity and In the Middle Ages, a tradition was handed down concerning the the existence of a more or less mythical continent on the other side of the ocean. We have already talked about the famous book, supposedly of times of Alexander the Great, the reading of which propelled Columbus on his great adventure. Certain Greek compilers speak of a continent called "Antictoné" (i.e. "land of the antipodes").
St. Isidore of Seville, who lived from 560 to 636, is said to have stated:
"There is another continent, in addition to the three we know. It's at the on the other side of the ocean, and there, the sun warms more than in our homes. regions."
And we must also think about the epic, which is still a little of the Breton monks who set out to evangelize the peoples of a famous continent they had heard of: Crusade dramatic and extremely deadly. We know that they started from the coasts of Brittany.
Would one of his ships make it to America?
There are strong arguments in favor of the Phoenician hypothesis, both especially since in South America, and even in North America, there have been Vestiges of Mediterranean characteristics have been discovered: the most The recent discovery is due to a Dutchman, Professor Stocks. These discoveries are, in general, much discussed. The idea of That the Phoenicians were able to make ocean crossings did not It has, in itself, nothing fantastic. Its navy, both merchant and By means of war, it enabled them to accomplish this feat.
Instead, it turns out to be It is more difficult to imagine the reasons they had for keeping in secrecy of his discoveries. But the might of his tiny country is founded solely on its navy, and the exclusive knowledge of a few places of supply would have been a very good success. interesting for them. Afterwards, the secret would have been more or less lost. less so in the course of history. Let us think, in this regard, of the Vikings: A few centuries after their maritime expeditions, there were to "rediscover" Greenland, Newfoundland and the Catada. Such secrets They are easy to keep and, even more so, to lose.
Let us now turn to Mallery's hypothesis: heir to a long series of secret traditions, Piri Reis must have been aware of of geographical data which, in respect of Greenland and the Antarctica, dated to before the glaciation. A first Question: When did this glaciation occur?
The International Geophysical Year gave a lively impetus, among others, to these investigations. In 1957, the converging work of Dr. J. L. Hough of the University of Illinois, by means of the survey, and Dr. W. D. Hurry, of the Geophysics Laboratories of the Carnegie Institute, by the radiocarbon method, began to Defining the Problem: The Current Glaciation Period of the Poles It began between 6,000 and 15,000 years ago. This margin of uncertainty has subsequently been greatly reduced.
The specialists (and in particular Claude Lorius, chief glaciologist at the French Polar Expeditions) mark the beginning of the period between 9,000 and 10,000 years ago. Furthermore, they agree in which a period of deglaciation has just begun. It seems, then, that It is possible that, some ten millennia ago, Greenland and Antarctica had the configuration seen on the maps of Piri Reis. Its relief manifested itself freely; a part of the land Currently covered by ice or submerged, it was, then, still visible.
In view of this, it seems that one could conclude by saying that the knowledge that was used for the drawing of these maps dates back to about 10,000 years ago.
After all we've just said, this conclusion is inevitable; But it contradicts all current classical theories on the history of civilization and must be considered with Great caution. What do the prehistory textbooks say? Ten thousand years ago For years, Cro-Magnon man reigned (if we may put it that way). to whom Lascaux's paintings are attributed, but who did not know the metalworking, nor the cultivation of the land, nor the domestication of animals.
Now, Arlington H. Mallery, the great specialist, says of the Maps of Piri Reis:
"At the time the map was made, there was no It was necessary not only that there should be scouts, but also particularly competent and organized hydrography technicians, for it is not possible to draw the map of the continent or territories so such as Antarctica, Greenland or America, as apparently It was drawn a few millennia ago, if you are nothing more than a simple individual or even a small group of explorers. They are needed experienced technicians, experts in astronomy, as well as the methods required for mapping.'
Arlington H. Mallery goes even further. Says:
"We don't understand how These maps could be made without the aid of aviation. In addition, the lengths are absolutely exact, which we We have only known how to do things for just two centuries."
A "heart-wrenching review" of the our concepts concerning the history of humanity. ¿What We can make conjectures about a developed civilization that Would it have existed about ten thousand years ago?
On the other hand, Arlington H. Mallery, specialist in the Americas pre-Columbian, and which has, in this field, remarkable discoveries To his credit, he was in search of a great civilization disappeared, which would have existed on the American continent. Could present a cluster of elements, some of which are puzzling, especially blast furnaces to treat iron -on the date of which specialists disagree- and some stones bearing inscriptions.
On the other hand, Arlington H. Mallery, specialist in the Americas pre-Columbian, and which has, in this field, remarkable discoveries To his credit, he was in search of a great civilization disappeared, which would have existed on the American continent. Could present a cluster of elements, some of which are puzzling, especially blast furnaces to treat iron -on the date of which specialists disagree- and some stones bearing inscriptions.
This discovery was made in Pennsylvania, east of Harrisburg, at the Strong brothers' house. The specialists consulted by Mallery, Sir W. M. Petrie, Sir Arthur J. Evans and J. L. Myres- They discovered in such inscriptions certain similarities, perhaps Phoenicians, perhaps Cretans. Be that as it may, the inscriptions They seemed to correspond to a phase prior to the first writings Mediterranean regions, since literacy had begun in them, But writing, which is no longer really syllabic, still contains 170 Signs. Currently, it has not yet been deciphered.
Arlington H. Mallery is of the opinion that it is the writing of an ancient American civilization, preceding, of course, the known pre-Columbian civilizations (Inca, Maya, or Aztec). Herself It may be conjectured that they preserved some vestiges: would explain the mysterious fortress of Tiahuanaco, the date of which has been It has been impossible to fix; Certain Peculiarities of Astronomy Maya, which seems to refer to an earlier state of the sky in many cases. millennia that we know; The Strange Legends Concerning ancient civilizers; and so on.
But, even if we admit that such a civilization existed ten years ago, A thousand years in the Americas, it would still be necessary to explain how his geographical knowledge was able to reach Europe.
And since we have now crossed the wall of reason, we can give Free Course to Fantasy:
- What if this advanced civilization had Has it existed, not only in America, but in the whole earth?
- ¿Would Did this civilization have an extraterrestrial origin?
As far as it is concerned to the Piri Reis maps, it is very difficult for us to get the The Venusians or beings from other planets: because, yes, as it is of Suppose, they had the most perfected rockets, what need did they need? They had to draw up a detailed map, not of the continents. that could still have been explained, but from the shores and Coasts? This does not, of course, preclude the study of this problem; but the maps of Piri Reis are the exclusive work of sailors Terrestrial.
So, would they be inhabitants of Atlantis or Gondwana?
But the Shifting continents has a history that goes back far beyond ten millennia and the epoch we are interested in; These continents, if they existed, had disappeared or torn to pieces long before.
We might suppose, then, that a branch of the human race, coexisting with others less developed, it would have been enough eight or ten years ago. a considerable degree of civilization, and that it had a very complete knowledge of your planet; And that it would have been destroyed, unexpectedly, by a cataclysm. Charles H. Hapgood It is a resounding example in its conclusions.
It is only a century since it was began to push back the boundaries of history and They found material traces of civilizations until then considered mythical (Troy, Crete), or even unknown (Sumer, the Hittites, the Indus Valley). The American Professor declares that investigations must be continued, and that these will necessarily lead to the discovery of the outpost civilization that existed ten thousand years ago.
Naturally, you will We leave the responsibility for these assertions, supported, Let us repeat it once more, by conscientious experimentation scientist. The great archaeological discovery of the century is still to become...