By Clifford Shack on September 1, 2011, from Was-stalin-a-rothschild Website / Updated by LOR on May 1, 2024
The identity of Joseph Stalin's father has been a mystery for over 130 years.
There were many rumors but none remotely close to the truth.
Could Stalin's real father be found among the Rothschild bankers of the 19th century?
Look closely at the far photo taken at the funeral of Baron Alphonse de Rothschild in 1905.
- Baron James-Armand de Rothschild
- Baron Léopold de Rothschild
- M. Maurice Ephrussi
- Baron Albert de Rothschild
- Baron Leonino
- Dr Henri de Rothschild
- Lord Rothschild
- Baron Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild
- Baron Gustave de Rothschild
A few years ago, I had written an article entitled, “Was Stalin a Rothschild?” I came to ask the question for a number of reasons.
It is well-known that, before Hitler's annexation of Austria, the Austrian chancellor, Engelbert Dollfuss, had conducted an investigation into Hitler's origins.
It is well-known that, before Hitler's annexation of Austria, the Austrian chancellor, Engelbert Dollfuss, had conducted an investigation into Hitler's origins.
Engelbert Dollfuß (alternatively: Dolfuss, German: [ˈɛŋəlbɛɐ̯t ˈdɔlfus]; 4 October 1892 – 25 July 1934) was an Austrian politician who served as Chancellor of Austria between 1932 and 1934. Having served as Minister for Forests and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government. This crisis culminated in the Self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament, a coup sparked by resignation of the presiding officers of the National Council. Suppressing the Socialist movement in the Austrian Civil War and later banning the Austrian Nazi Party, he cemented the rule of Austrofascism through the First of May Constitution in 1934. Later that year, Dollfuss was assassinated as part of a failed coup attempt by Nazi agents. His successor Kurt Schuschnigg maintained the regime until Adolf Hitler's Anschluss in 1938.
Hitler’s Genealogy – Library of Rickandria
He had discovered that Hitler’s mother had worked for the banker, Salomon Rothschild, in his Vienna residence.
Was Hitler a Rothschild? (bibliotecapleyades.net)
He had discovered that Hitler’s mother had worked for the banker, Salomon Rothschild, in his Vienna residence.
Was Hitler a Rothschild? (bibliotecapleyades.net)
Dollfuss had hoped to thwart Hitler’s annexation of Austria by blackmailing him with this information.
The dossier containing the dark truth was called the “Fatal File” in the book, "Inside the Gestapo" by Hansjurgen Koehler.
Both Dollfuss, and his successor, Schuschnigg, would lose their lives over this information.
It is to them that I dedicate this article.
I also dedicate it to the millions upon millions of people who were murdered by Joseph Stalin.
Since the drilling of the first oil well in western Pennsylvania in 1859 the world has been re-created to conform to the new energy source.
World Wars were foisted upon humanity by hidden forces that sought mastery of the earth's most precious natural resource.
Political control over oil-rich lands would be accomplished by any and all means necessary.
Both Dollfuss, and his successor, Schuschnigg, would lose their lives over this information.
It is to them that I dedicate this article.
I also dedicate it to the millions upon millions of people who were murdered by Joseph Stalin.
Since the drilling of the first oil well in western Pennsylvania in 1859 the world has been re-created to conform to the new energy source.
World Wars were foisted upon humanity by hidden forces that sought mastery of the earth's most precious natural resource.
Political control over oil-rich lands would be accomplished by any and all means necessary.
Of equal importance was mastery over land and sea strategic to oil transportation.
Joseph Stalin was born in the middle of the Caucasus/Caspian oil theatre.
His early revolutionary activity occurred in oil-rich Baku, Azerbaijan.
Curiously, he had worked for the Paris Rothschild's.
Sometime after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, once-secret Soviet archives were opened to researchers.
This resulted in books that presented details of Stalin’s life that had been buried in those vaults.
Information from some of these books offered insight into Stalin’s rumored bastardy.
At the time of Stalin’s birth, his mother, Ketevan "Keke" Jughashvili neé Geladze (February 5, 1858 - June 4, 1937), was a beautiful 21-year-old woman.
According to information found within the archives, she was not a faithful wife.
Joseph Stalin was born in the middle of the Caucasus/Caspian oil theatre.
His early revolutionary activity occurred in oil-rich Baku, Azerbaijan.
Curiously, he had worked for the Paris Rothschild's.
Sometime after the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, once-secret Soviet archives were opened to researchers.
This resulted in books that presented details of Stalin’s life that had been buried in those vaults.
Information from some of these books offered insight into Stalin’s rumored bastardy.
At the time of Stalin’s birth, his mother, Ketevan "Keke" Jughashvili neé Geladze (February 5, 1858 - June 4, 1937), was a beautiful 21-year-old woman.
According to information found within the archives, she was not a faithful wife.
The archives offered many:
- quotes
- rumors
- theories
With this new information, I continued exploring the possibility that Stalin was linked to the French Rothschilds.
It was the French Rothschilds who oversaw the family oil business in Russia.
Their early oil supply came from the city of Baku, Azerbaijan, in the Caucasus region of Central Asia.
I originally suspected Edmond de Rothschild.
Edmond was the younger brother of Aphonse de Rothschild who headed the French branch of the Rothschild bank in the 1870s.
Throughout his career, Edmond cruised the waters of the Mediterranean on behalf of the family’s banking business.
He traveled on the family's luxury steam yacht the “Gitana.”
According to our modern calendar, Joseph Stalin was born on December 18, 1878.
That would put the general time of his conception on March 18, 1878.
My attempt to confirm or deny Edmond's presence in the Caucasus was unsuccessful.
I didn't have access to the Rothschild family archives
I had the internet and what was available on Amazon.
My attempt to confirm or deny Edmond's presence in the Caucasus was unsuccessful.
I didn't have access to the Rothschild family archives
I had the internet and what was available on Amazon.
To make a long story short, I couldn't find the smoking gun that I was looking for.
Though I was still convinced that there was a secret link between Stalin and the Rothschilds, my investigation came to a halt.
To make the matter more difficult, there didn’t even seem to be any resemblance between Stalin and any member of the French Rothschilds.
I shelved my investigation for about four years.
Since 9/11/2001, many people have become aware of the dark side of the oil business. (America had paid an awful price to lay a natural gas pipeline across Afghanistan).
This new awareness prompted me to resume my conspiracy research.
I began the search anew for the natural father of Joseph Stalin.
Briefly, Stalin’s mother worked as a laundress for a Jewish wine merchant in the Georgian city of Gori.
His name was Yakov Egnatashvili.
Though I was still convinced that there was a secret link between Stalin and the Rothschilds, my investigation came to a halt.
To make the matter more difficult, there didn’t even seem to be any resemblance between Stalin and any member of the French Rothschilds.
I shelved my investigation for about four years.
Since 9/11/2001, many people have become aware of the dark side of the oil business. (America had paid an awful price to lay a natural gas pipeline across Afghanistan).
This new awareness prompted me to resume my conspiracy research.
I began the search anew for the natural father of Joseph Stalin.
Briefly, Stalin’s mother worked as a laundress for a Jewish wine merchant in the Georgian city of Gori.
His name was Yakov Egnatashvili.
Researchers had reported the rumors suggesting that Egnatashvili may have been Stalin’s natural father.
There were other rumors and theories.
One rumored father was a Gori police officer named Damian Davrichewy.
There were other rumors and theories.
One rumored father was a Gori police officer named Damian Davrichewy.
There was also talk of a Gori priest, Father Christopher Charkviani.
Another rumored father was the explorer Przhevalsky, who was a well-known Russian hero.
Most, but not all of these theories would be plausible, (Przhevalsky was gay), if, Stalin hadn’t enjoyed a meteoric rise to power on the world stage, at a time when the global elite were ushering in a New World Order fueled by oil energy.
Another rumored father was the explorer Przhevalsky, who was a well-known Russian hero.
Most, but not all of these theories would be plausible, (Przhevalsky was gay), if, Stalin hadn’t enjoyed a meteoric rise to power on the world stage, at a time when the global elite were ushering in a New World Order fueled by oil energy.
The fact that Stalin rose so fast, murdered between 20 and 60 million people, and died a peaceful, natural death points to a political connection way beyond the reach of local Gori politics.
I would learn that Edmond de Rothschild couldn’t have possibly passed through Gori on his way to Baku as no Trans-Caucasus railroad existed at the time of Stalin’s birth.
The railroad linking Georgia to Azerbaijan wouldn’t be completed until the 1883.
The Rothschilds would build it.
I would move beyond the idea that Edmond de Rothschild was Stalin's father.
So where was the Stalin-Rothschild link?
The book, “Young Stalin”, by Simon Sebag Montefiore provided me with a few clues.
I would learn that Edmond de Rothschild couldn’t have possibly passed through Gori on his way to Baku as no Trans-Caucasus railroad existed at the time of Stalin’s birth.
The railroad linking Georgia to Azerbaijan wouldn’t be completed until the 1883.
The Rothschilds would build it.
I would move beyond the idea that Edmond de Rothschild was Stalin's father.
So where was the Stalin-Rothschild link?
The book, “Young Stalin”, by Simon Sebag Montefiore provided me with a few clues.
One clue came in a note on page 23:
“Stalin later invented much about his life: his official birthday was 21 December 1879, over a year later, an invented date.
He generally stuck to 6 December 1878 until an interview in 1920 with a Swedish newspaper.
In 1925, he ordered his secretary Tovstukha to formalize the 1879 date.”
[Note: 6 December 1878 in the Russian Old Calendar is equivalent to December 18 in our calendar.]
Stalin changed the date of his birth by a year to alter his time of conception.
It had occurred to me that there may have been an event that was trying to hide as it was somehow ultimately linked to the meeting of his real parents in mid-March of 1878.
What special event was Stalin trying to hide by altering his birthdate?
To understand the significance of the event it would be helpful to provide a brief history of the early Russian oil business and the one roadblock that prevented Russian producers from achieving global success.
What special event was Stalin trying to hide by altering his birthdate?
To understand the significance of the event it would be helpful to provide a brief history of the early Russian oil business and the one roadblock that prevented Russian producers from achieving global success.
Here is an excerpt from Daniel Yergin’s Pulitzer-prize winning book:
The Prize - The Epic Quest for Oil, Money & Power:
“While Nobel Brothers dominated distribution of oil within the Russian Empire, beyond those borders Russian oil was hardly a factor.
Geography locked the oil into the empire. For example, to reach a Baltic port meant “2,000 miles, intermittent water and rail transportation through western Russia.”
To make matters worse, severe winter weather precluded the shipment of kerosene on the Caspian between October and March, with the result that many refiners simply shut down for half a year.
Even parts of the empire were inaccessible; in the city of Tiflis, it was cheaper to import kerosene from America, 8,000 miles away, than from Baku, 341 miles to the west.”
“There were also limits to the market within the Russian empire; illumination was far from a necessity for the vast peasantry and not something they could afford in any event.
Ever-growing production forced the producers of Baku to look hungrily beyond the borders of the empire.
Seeking an alternative to the northern route dominated by Nobel, two producers - Bunge and Palashkovsky - won government approval to begin building a railroad that would go west from Baku over the Caucasus to Batum, a port on the Black Sea that had been incorporated into Russia in 1878 as the result of a war with Turkey.
But in the midst of construction, the price of oil dropped, and Bunge and Palashkovsky ran out of money.
They were in desperate straits."
"Their rescue came from the French branch of a family that, among the wars and governments and industries it had bankrolled, had also already financed many of Europe’s new railroads.
They owned a refinery in Fiume, on the Adriatic, and were interested in acquiring lower-priced Russian crude for it.
They loaned the money to complete the railroad that Bunge and Palashkovsky had begun, acquiring in exchange a package of mortgages on Russian oil facilities.
They also arranged guaranteed shipments of Russian oil to Europe at attractive prices.
They were the Rothschilds."
"…Russian oil was a project of the Paris Rothschilds.
That meant, in particular, of Baron Alphonse - who had organized France’s reparations after its defeat by Prussia in 1871, was considered one of the best-informed men in all of Europe and was said to own the best pair of moustaches on the Continent - and of his younger brother, Baron Edmond, who sponsored Jewish settlement in Palestine.
The Rothschild loan allowed the railroad from Baku to be completed in 1883, turning Batum almost overnight into one of the world’s most important oil ports.
In 1886, the Rothschilds formed the Caspian and Black Sea Petroleum Company, known ever after by its Russian initials - 'Bnito.'
They built up their storage and marketing facilities in Batum; the Nobel Brothers quickly followed suit.
The Baku-Batum railroad opened a door to the West for Russian oil; it also initiated a fierce, thirty-year struggle for the oil markets of the world.”
The Event - Treaty of San Stefano
By officially altering his birthdate by a year, Stalin prevented his birth from being associated with the Treaty of San Stefano.
Treaty of San Stefano - Wikipedia
The Treaty was a peace settlement imposed on the Ottoman government by Russia at the conclusion of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78.
The treaty was signed on March 3, 1878, but later revised as it was found too harsh on the Ottomans (see Treaty of Berlin).
Treaty of Berlin (1878) - Wikipedia
The treaty was signed on March 3, 1878, but later revised as it was found too harsh on the Ottomans (see Treaty of Berlin).
Treaty of Berlin (1878) - Wikipedia
There was at least one treaty reparation that remained unaltered by the revised Treaty of Berlin which was extremely important to Imperial Russia and of course, the Rothschilds.
In fact, it would ensure the wild success of both.
Rather than pay a huge imposed monetary penalty to Russia, the Treaty of San Stefano "allowed" Turkey to give Russia the Port of Batum.
Russian oil would finally reach beyond the borders of the empire.
Rather than pay a huge imposed monetary penalty to Russia, the Treaty of San Stefano "allowed" Turkey to give Russia the Port of Batum.
Russian oil would finally reach beyond the borders of the empire.
The Rothschilds would enter the Russian oil business.
The Treaty of San Stefano & the Stalin's Secret Father
The Rothschild courier network was noted for speed and security.
The Rothschilds couriers kept the five Rothschild houses connected to each other as well as linked to their clients.
It was the Rothschild courier network that gave the Rothschild an immense advantage at the London stock market after Napoleon was defeated by the British at the Battle of Waterloo.
As a result of the speed of the courier network, the Rothschild were the first in London to learn of Napoleon's defeat.
The Rothschilds shared the news of Napoleon's defeat with the British crown before putting the knowledge to work for them at the London bourse.
It is this level of courtesy and service that their clients had come to expect.
It was this particular protocol that may have prompted Joseph Stalin to lie about his actual birthdate.
Baron Alphonse de Rothschild was considered among "the best-informed men in all of Europe".
Mayer Alphonse James Rothschild (1 February 1827 – 26 May 1905), was a French financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist, racehorse owner/breeder and a member of the Rothschild banking family of France.
It is this level of courtesy and service that their clients had come to expect.
It was this particular protocol that may have prompted Joseph Stalin to lie about his actual birthdate.
Baron Alphonse de Rothschild was considered among "the best-informed men in all of Europe".
Mayer Alphonse James Rothschild (1 February 1827 – 26 May 1905), was a French financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist, racehorse owner/breeder and a member of the Rothschild banking family of France.
The Rothschilds employed agents all over the world who fed them information.
This information was delivered via their legendary courier network.
Alphonse de Rothschild had one agent in particular whom he favored above the rest.
His name was Maurice Ephrussi.
Ephrussi worked for the Rothschilds in the oil rich region of Russia known as the Caucasus.
Maurice Ephrussi (November 18, 1849 - October 29, 1916) was a Ukrainian-born French Jewish banker.
His father had made a vast fortune exporting the wheat of the Ukraine to Europe. (see Ephrussi Family)
Ephrussi family - Wikipedia
This information was delivered via their legendary courier network.
Alphonse de Rothschild had one agent in particular whom he favored above the rest.
His name was Maurice Ephrussi.
Ephrussi worked for the Rothschilds in the oil rich region of Russia known as the Caucasus.
Maurice Ephrussi (November 18, 1849 - October 29, 1916) was a Ukrainian-born French Jewish banker.
His father had made a vast fortune exporting the wheat of the Ukraine to Europe. (see Ephrussi Family)
Ephrussi family - Wikipedia
The Ephrussi's were the Rothschilds' agents to Imperial Russia.
The Rothschild's were the Tsars official banker.
The Ephrussi's were the Rothschild's agent to the Tsar.
It was Maurice Ephrussi who first proposed the Russian oil business to Alphonse de Rothschild.
Born and raised in a Russian banking family, Ephrussi thoroughly understood the Russian oil industry.
He just knew that with the Nobel brother's dynamite blasting through the Caucasus mountains, Rothschild-financed railroads could carry Russia's oil to the world if Russia could get their hands on a suitable port on the Black Sea.
Maurice Ephrussi’s pitch was not lost on Alphonse de Rothschild.
Alphonse de Rothschild must have envisioned his family's newly acquired oil refineries humming with an endless supply of cheap Russian oil.
The wealth that would result in the venture would be incalculable.
Maurice Ephrussi would play a pivotal role in the Rothschild's successful oil venture.
It is clear to see why Maurice Ephrussi was the clear choice as the Rothschild agent to the Caucasus.
The Ephrussi family had built their wheat and banking empire in Odessa, a city on the Black Sea in the Crimea. From Odessa, Ephrussi could easily sail across the Black Sea the port of Poti on Georgia's west coast.
The Rothschild's were the Tsars official banker.
The Ephrussi's were the Rothschild's agent to the Tsar.
It was Maurice Ephrussi who first proposed the Russian oil business to Alphonse de Rothschild.
Born and raised in a Russian banking family, Ephrussi thoroughly understood the Russian oil industry.
He just knew that with the Nobel brother's dynamite blasting through the Caucasus mountains, Rothschild-financed railroads could carry Russia's oil to the world if Russia could get their hands on a suitable port on the Black Sea.
Maurice Ephrussi’s pitch was not lost on Alphonse de Rothschild.
Alphonse de Rothschild must have envisioned his family's newly acquired oil refineries humming with an endless supply of cheap Russian oil.
The wealth that would result in the venture would be incalculable.
Maurice Ephrussi would play a pivotal role in the Rothschild's successful oil venture.
It is clear to see why Maurice Ephrussi was the clear choice as the Rothschild agent to the Caucasus.
The Ephrussi family had built their wheat and banking empire in Odessa, a city on the Black Sea in the Crimea. From Odessa, Ephrussi could easily sail across the Black Sea the port of Poti on Georgia's west coast.
From Poti, he would take a passenger train to the meet with the Viceroy in Tiflis who was the seat of government of the Caucasus of that time.
Ephrussi could also very easily be present at the Treaty of San Stefano which was a coastal village on the Black Sea just west of Istanbul.
Did Alphonse de Rothschild send Maurice Ephrussi to San Stefano or to Tiflis after the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano?
Ephrussi could also very easily be present at the Treaty of San Stefano which was a coastal village on the Black Sea just west of Istanbul.
Did Alphonse de Rothschild send Maurice Ephrussi to San Stefano or to Tiflis after the signing of the Treaty of San Stefano?
As an agent of the Rothschilds, Ephrussi could have been assigned to brief the Viceroy on details surrounding the treaty.
He may have been asked to securely deliver an original copy of the signed Treaty to the Viceroy.
As well, Rothschild could have sent Ephrussi to the Viceroy to gain permission to run the Rothschild-financed Trans-Caucasus railroad to the newly acquired port of Batum.
He may have been asked to securely deliver an original copy of the signed Treaty to the Viceroy.
As well, Rothschild could have sent Ephrussi to the Viceroy to gain permission to run the Rothschild-financed Trans-Caucasus railroad to the newly acquired port of Batum.
These are several plausible reasons why Ephrussi would travel to the Viceroy's palace in Tiflis, Georgia.
The signing of the Treaty of San Stefano was signed on March 3,1878.
The signing of the Treaty of San Stefano was signed on March 3,1878.
Ephrussi could have arrived at the Viceroy’s palace at the time of Stalin’s conception.
Considering that he would have been an honored guest of the Viceroy's he would have been invited to stay on at the Viceroy’s palace.
He would have dutifully participated in the Imperial galas celebrating the treaty signing.
But so what?
In March 1878.
Stalin's twenty-year-old future mother was working in Gori.
Ephrussi would have no reason to stop in Gori to visit a wine merchant unless he wanted to pick up a case of champagne to present to the Viceroy along with his copy of the signed treaty.
Though this scenario was possible it is highly unlikely.
Ehprussi, though only 28 years old in march of 1878 was no errand boy.
He was a prince of high finance.
Though this scenario was possible it is highly unlikely.
Ehprussi, though only 28 years old in march of 1878 was no errand boy.
He was a prince of high finance.
So how could Ephrussi possibly encounter the beautiful Keke?
Was Stalin’s mother working in the palace at the time of Ephrussi’s stay?
Was Stalin’s mother working in the palace at the time of Ephrussi’s stay?
"Young Stalin" page 26:
"Paternity suits develop proportional to the power and fame of the child.
Once Stalin became Soviet dictator, his rumored fathers included the celebrated Central Asian explorer Nikolai Przhevalsky, who resembled the adult Stalin and passed through Gori, and even the future Emperor Alexander III himself, who had visited Tiflis, supposedly staying at a palace where Keke toiled as a maid.
But the explorer was a homosexual who was not near Georgia when Stalin was conceived, while Keke (Stalin’s mother) was not in Tiflis at the same time as the Tsarevich."
Stalin’s mother worked at the palace of the Viceroy of the Caucasus!!!
In March 1878, Maurice Ephrussi was a young, fabulously rich bachelor.
Could he have been at the Viceroy's palace at the same time as 20-year-old Keke Jughashvili?
But Keke was married!
In March 1878, Maurice Ephrussi was a young, fabulously rich bachelor.
Could he have been at the Viceroy's palace at the same time as 20-year-old Keke Jughashvili?
But Keke was married!
Would she have considered engaging in sex with our young banker?
Consider the following quotes:
“Young Stalin” Page 26 & 27:
“As for Keke herself, it has always been hard to match the pious old lady in her black nunnish headdress of the 1930s with the irrepressible young woman of the 1880s.
Her piety is not in doubt, but religious observance has never ruled out sins of the flesh.
Her piety is not in doubt, but religious observance has never ruled out sins of the flesh.
She certainly took pride in being “the desired and beautiful girl” and there is evidence that she was much more worldly than she appeared.
As an old lady, Keke, supposedly encouraged Nina Beria, wife of Stalin’s Caucasian viceroy and later secret police chief, Lavrentiy Beria, to take lovers and talked very spicily about sexual matters:
“When I was young, I cleaned house for people and when I met a good-looking boy, I didn’t waste the opportunity.”
"Young Stalin" Pages 27 & 28:
“…it is most likely that Stalin was the son of Beso (Stalin’s father) despite the drunkards rantings about Soso (Stalin) as a 'bastard.'
A married woman was always expected to be respectable, but it is hardly outrageous if the pretty young Keke, a semi-widow, did become the mistress… when her marriage disintegrated.”
Page 30:
“When Soso hid, Beso searched the house screaming, 'Where is Keke’s little bastard?
Hiding under the bed?'.
Keke fought back.
Once,
Hiding under the bed?'.
Keke fought back.
Once,
Soso arrived at Davrichewy’s house with his face covered in blood, crying:
“Help!
Come quickly!
He’s killing my mother!”
The officer ran round to the Djugashvilis to find Beso strangling Keke.”
Did Maurice Ephrussi, the son-in-law of Baron Alphonse de Rothschild father Stalin in the palace of the Viceroy of the Caucasus in that March of 1878?
Have we finally solved the 132 year old mystery surrounding Stalin's birth?
Have we finally solved the 132 year old mystery surrounding Stalin's birth?
Perhaps the following photos can take this conspiracy theory out of the realm of “sketchy” and “far - fetched?”
Here is a photo of Joseph Stalin:
Photo of Maurice Ephrussi:
This photo appeared in a French newspaper.
Here we see Maurice Ephrussi surrounded by the Rothschild's as they walk in the funeral procession of Ephrussi's father-in-law, Baron Alphonse de Rothschild.
The photo was taken in Paris on May 26,1905:
- Baron James-Armand de Rothschild
- Baron Léopold de Rothschild
- M. Maurice Ephrussi
- Baron Albert de Rothschild
- Baron Leonino
- Dr Henri de Rothschild
- Lord Rothschild
- Baron Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild
- Baron Gustave de Rothschild
After the Russian Revolution of 1905, Maurice Ephrussi would continue to serve the Rothschild's interests as the director of the Banque de France.
He would successfully race thoroughbreds for the rest of his life.
Did his son also serve the Rothschilds?
(Joseph was the name of the Ephrussi family's long-time butler)
Maurice married Baron Alphonse de Rothschild’s youngest daughter, Beatrice, on June 5, 1883.
That was the same year that the Baku-Batum railroad was completed.
When Stalin achieved prominence in the communist regime in the 1920s, he installed his mother in the palace of the Viceroy of the Caucasus.
In the palace, she is said to have occupied only one tiny room from where she wrote frequent letters (in Georgian - she never managed to learn good Russian) to her son, the Dictator.
So, there you have it...
So, there you have it...