Throughout human history the control and manipulation of money has been used by the elites to control free humanity.

Humanity’s History & Ancient Civilizations – Library of Rickandria

Topics Covered

Power of the Purse Volume 1 explores the following topics and much more:

• The Knights Templar’s International Banking System.
• The Rise of the Rothschild’s European Banking Empire.
• How the Federal Reserve and other Central Banks create money out of thin air to drive nations and peoples into debt.
• How both sides of major wars and conflicts have been funded and engineered by powerful banking interests.
• The lies surrounding the official story of the September 11th, 2001, attacks and how it has been used to justify endless war.
• How the manipulation of the value of money has been used to create economic depressions.

"A masterwork, a beacon of truth in a sea of lies."

"This has to be the single most important, true historical account of what really happened in the world's past, & what is happening today."

$. 

Now, for the Meat & Potatoes:

Metals like:

• gold
• silver
• copper

would eventually become some of the first forms of money.

Gold for Humans & Others… – Library of Rickandria

Metals are:

• portable
• durable
• easily divisible

substances that can be used to create useful things.

This is why ancient man began to use them frequently in exchanges.

Fall of Our Ancient Empires – Library of Rickandria

Unfortunately for ancient man, it was difficult to spot forgeries, as tin and other common metals could be passed off as rarer or more valuable metals like gold.

Not until the discovery of the touchstone could forgeries be easily spotted.

A touchstone is a small tablet of dark stone such as fieldstone or slate that leaves a visible trace on softer metals.

Assayers could then determine the true value of a particular metal.

The touchstone allowed nations like the Greeks and Romans to begin minting metal coins.

Coins were pre-weighed and pre-alloyed by government mints and stamped with their appropriate value.

As metal coins became a dominant medium of exchange in the ancient world, people known as money changers would emerge.

Money changing is a trade involving the exchange of coins in different denominations.

The trade would quickly become rampant with fraud, as money changers would charge excessive fees for the exchange of particular coins.

The most well-known story of this fraud is found in the Bible when Jesus drove the money changers out of Herod's temple.

The money changers were forcing people to trade an excessive number of coins for special temple coins, which were the only type of coins allowed for use in the temple.

The obvious scam angered Jesus which prompted his swift action against the money changers.

Not only did money changers manipulate the monetary system for profit and gain, but governments in the ancient world would do so as well.

The Roman Empire over a period of many centuries would slowly devalue the metal content under coinage in order to pay for wars and the military expansion of the empire.

The debasement of Rome's money led to inflation and rising prices.

ROME – Library of Rickandria

The Roman people who were consistently distracted with breads and unsustainable economic and military policies.

Historians agree that the devaluation of Rome's coinage combined with endless war and the overall degeneration of its society led to the eventual collapse of the empire in the fifth century.

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church would emerge as the major unifying cultural force in Europe, with new localized rulers and leaders seizing power.

Many of these new rulers would have links directly back to the church itself.

Although the church would place a ban on some of the unethical practices of the money changers, these practices would not be entirely disbanded.

In fact, individuals in the goldsmith trade would continue and even perfect the use of these unethical money manipulations utilized by the money changers throughout the Middle Ages.

Typically, money changers were also goldsmiths who already possessed the resources to keep gold safe.

Since their trade required a means to keep gold safe, goldsmiths installed secure vaults in their place of business.

This allowed the goldsmiths to operate their business much like a modern-day bank, especially when paper became more commonplace throughout Europe.

Goldsmiths would store a customer's gold in their vaults for safekeeping and in return would issue the customer a paper receipt that the customer could use to reclaim the gold deposited.

Eventually, people began trading the receipts themselves as if they were as good as gold.

People found paper easier and more convenient to trade and carry than gold or silver.

This resulted in the birth of paper money.

The goldsmiths soon began to realize that only a small percentage of depositors would come back to reclaim their gold at any given time.

When people trained their own paper receipts as money, the goldsmiths began to cheat the system.

They began creating additional paper receipts even though there was not enough gold in reserves to back all of the paper receipts circulating.

The goldsmiths also began loaning out this paper money at interest.

In our words, the goldsmiths began loaning out money that they created which had no gold backing and forced the borrower to pay interest on thin air.

This marked the start of what is known as the Fractional-reserve banking system or the practice of loaning out more money than the bank actually has.

As we can see, the Fractional-reserve banking system is clearly rooted in fraud and deception.

In the Middle Ages, charging interest was considered immoral by Christians and Muslims alike.

In fact, during this time, the Catholic Church banned the practice with many Christians calling the practice a sin.

There are many references to the immorality of usury, or the charging of excessive interest found in both the Bible and in the Quran.

Yet with the Fractional-reserve banking system widely in use by the bankers of the 21st century, it is interesting to note that there is very low outrage from today's religious leaders over its practice.

Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts. On William's death in 1087, Henry's elder brothers Robert Curthose and William Rufus inherited Normandy and England, respectively, but Henry was left landless. He purchased the County of Cotentin in western Normandy from Robert, but his brothers deposed him in 1091. He gradually rebuilt his power base in the Cotentin and allied himself with William Rufus against Robert.

Around the year 1100, King Henry I of England created what would become known as the tally stick system.

This system was established to create a form of money that could not be directly controlled by the money changers.

The tally stick system would become incredibly successful and actually remained in place for over 700 years until their use was finally officially ended.

The tally stick was a carved wooden stick that was broken in half lengthwise would not just cut on two opposite sides denoting their value.

One half was kept by the king and the other half was spent into circulation.

The halves could then be matched up later to prevent counterfeiting.

But why would anyone use a stick of wood as money?

The king would only accept tally sticks for payment of taxes which automatically created demand for the wood sticks despite the fact that they had no real value.

In our words, the tally stick system was an entirely fiat currency meaning that even though the sticks had no real intrinsic value, the government decree gave the sticks value.

The tally stick system would actually play a key role in the rise of the bridge empire because it ensured that there was a plentiful supply of money that was free for the manipulation of the money changers just as King Henry intended.

The Knights Templar, otherwise known as the Order of the Temple of Solomon, were a powerful economic and military order formed by French noblemen during the aftermath of the First Crusade.

Knights Templar’s Saga – Library of Rickandria

On the surface, the Templar were set up for the purpose of protecting Christian pilgrims in their journey to the Holy Land.

They quickly grew favor amongst Christians and were eventually given a mandate by the Roman Catholic Church of fulfilling this very task.

Members of the Templar were required first to participate in secretive initiation rituals and vow themselves to a life of chastity and poverty.

Although the Order itself forbid it there was no such rule for the Order itself.

The Templar were considered a charitable organization by many European nations and were granted tax exempt status much like non-profit organizations today.

Their tax-exempt status and their military might eventually allow the Templar to accumulate a tremendous amount of wealth.

The Templar provided services for the safe transport of valuables for Christian pilgrims.

Pilgrims would visit a Templar house, depositing their valuables, and in exchange they would receive a letter describing their holdings.

During their travels, the Pilgrims could withdraw funds from other Templar houses.

This system is similar to the type of check system that is in use today and many historians credit the Templar for originating this very system.

A Study of History by Miles Mathis – Library of Rickandria

The Templar soon began loaning money and even provided loans to noblemen and kings using loopholes to avoid the church's ban on usury.

For example, the Templar would charge mortgage holders rent and charge fees for financial services rendered instead of interest.

Essentially, the Templar established the first international banking system through their military power and backing by the Roman Catholic Church.

Templar banking houses were found everywhere in Europe and their military was allowed to pass over national borders with no restriction.

They were a nation unto themselves that existed within many other countries.

City-state - Wikipedia

However, this was just on the surface.

Historical evidence indicates that even though the Templar passed themselves off as a charitable Christian organization to the public, they actually used it as a public relations front in order to justify several bloody crusades in the Holy Land.

It is also believed that the Templar engage in occult rituals that appear to have originated from the Jewish mystical teachings of the Kabbalah.

Kabbalah, Hermeticism & the Occult – Library of Rickandria

Although a subject unto itself, it is interesting to note that during the crusades, the Templar would establish their headquarters at the Temple Mount, the site of where the ancient Temple of Solomon is believed to have originally existed.

The Temple of Solomon was named after the biblical king of the Jews who was said to have had the ability to control spirits and demons using his knowledge of the Kabbalah.

Were the Pagan Gods Actually Demons? The Scriptural View and Why It Matters - Community in Mission (adw.org)

The Templar's great wealth and power began to make them enemies.

European monarchs grew weary of their power and began to see them as a threat. 

Finally, a plan was devised to bring down the sovereign order which had reigned for nearly two centuries.
 

Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre as Philip I from 1284 to 1305, as well as Count of Champagne. Although Philip was known to be handsome, hence the epithet le Bel, his rigid, autocratic, imposing, and inflexible personality gained him (from friend and foe alike) other nicknames, such as the Iron King (French: le Roi de fer). His fierce opponent Bernard Saisset, bishop of Pamiers, said of him: "He is neither man nor beast. He is a statue."

In Paris, the arrests had grown into such a scandal, it forced Pope Clement V to issue an European Christian monarchs to arrest the Templar.

Pope Clement V (Latin: Clemens Quintus; c. 1264 – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled de Guoth and de Goth), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his death, in April 1314. He is remembered for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the execution of many of its members. A Frenchman by birth, Clement moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, ushering in the period known as the Avignon Papacy.

The arrest of the Templar was entirely unprecedented.

Pope Paul IV (Latin: Paulus IV; Italian: Paolo IV; 28 June 1476 – 18 August 1559), born Gian Pietro Carafa, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 23 May 1555 to his death, in August 1559. While serving as papal nuncio in Spain, he developed an anti-Spanish outlook that later coloured his papacy. In response to an invasion of part of the Papal States by Spain during his papacy, he called for a French military intervention. After a defeat of the French and with Spanish troops at the edge of Rome, the Papacy and Spain reached a compromise: French and Spanish forces left the Papal States and the Pope thereafter adopted a neutral stance between France and Spain.

Sir Isaac Newton FRS (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His pioneering book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, consolidated many previous results and established classical mechanics.[8][9] Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus, though he developed calculus years before Leibniz.

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes CB, FBA (/keɪnz/ KAYNZ; 5 June 1883 – 21 April 1946), was an English economist and philosopher whose ideas fundamentally changed the theory and practice of macroeconomics and the economic policies of governments. Originally trained in mathematics, he built on and greatly refined earlier work on the causes of business cycles. One of the most influential economists of the 20th century, he produced writings that are the basis for the school of thought known as Keynesian economics, and its various offshoots. His ideas, reformulated as New Keynesianism, are fundamental to mainstream macroeconomics. He is known as the "father of macroeconomics".

William Paterson (April 1658 - 22 January 1719) was a Scottish trader and banker. He was the founder of the Bank of England and was one of the main proponents of the catastrophic Darien scheme. Later he became an advocate of union with England.

Mr. Rothschild!

Mr. Rothschild!

What's the matter?

What's happened?

The man who was bringing your money from Hamburg has been waylaid by the tax agents outside the city.

What?

They heard he was bringing the money to Jew Street.

They might have killed him, but he got away. 

He got away?

With the money?

No, they got it, Mr. Rothschild.

They got the money.

What?

All of it?

Yes.

All of it.

Did you hear the government?

Did you hear that all of you?

Ten thousand golden!

Our money that we've worked for!

Why doesn't the old mighty strike them dead? 

Robert, don't get excited.

It's bad for you.

Now, listen.

You are young.

There are lies before you.

You've got to fight. Fight for yourselves.

Fight for our people.

Mama, I have to cheat the tax collector before my own children.

Do you think I want to do that?

I live honestly.

I trade honestly. 

I want to be honest with them, but they won't let us.

We are Jews.

Taxed to death.

Forbidden to learn a trade.

Forbidden to own land.

They keep us in chains.

They send men here to rubbish.

So, work and stray for money.

Money is power.

Money is the only weapon that the Jew has to defend himself with.

Mayer Amschel Rothschild (23 February 1744 – 19 September 1812; also spelled Anschel) was a German-Jewish banker and the founder of the Rothschild banking dynasty. Referred to as a "founding father of international finance", Rothschild was ranked seventh on the Forbes magazine list of "The Twenty Most Influential Businessmen of All Time" in 2005.

Rothschild was even ranked 7th on Forbes magazine's list of the 20 most influential businessmen of all time in an article published on their website in 2005.

Forbes magazine credited Rothschild as being the principal founding father of the modern international finance system.

Even though his real last name was Bauer, he changed his name to Rothschild after placing a red shield in front of his Frankfurt, Germany coin shop that he had inherited from his father.

In German, Rothschild means red shield.

The term red shield appears to be a symbol in reference to ancient Rome as Roman soldiers would carry red shields into combat.

According to the Encyclopedia Judaica, the Rothschilds bear the title, Guardians of the Vatican's Treasury.

Like the Templar centuries before, it appears as if the Roman Catholic Church played an influential role in supporting the rise of the Rothschilds' banking empire.

Through his coin business, Rothschild quickly began to establish important contacts in the world of finance.

Like the money changers of the past, Rothschild became skilled in money creation.

He soon realized that it was more profitable to lend money to governments and kings instead of private individuals.

This was because loans provided to governments and kings were backed by taxes.

Rothschild would have five sons who he trained in the ways of money creation.

He sent each of his sons to a different city in order to set up a branch of the family banking business.

His eldest son, Amschel Mayer, would stay to run the business in Frankfurt.

Amschel Mayer Freiherr von Rothschild (12 June 1773 – 6 December 1855) was a German Jewish banker of the prominent Rothschild family. He was the second child and eldest son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744–1812), the founder of the dynasty, and Gutlé Rothschild née Schnapper (1753–1849).

Salomon would be sent to Vienna

Salomon Mayer Freiherr von Rothschild (9 September 1774 – 28 July 1855) was a Frankfurt-born banker in the Austrian Empire and the founder of the Austrian branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

Carl would be sent to Naples

Carl Mayer Freiherr von Rothschild (24 April 1788 – 10 March 1855) was a Frankfurt-born banker in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the founder of the Neopolitan branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

James would be sent to Paris

Baron James Mayer de Rothschild (born Jakob Mayer Rothschild; 15 May 1792 – 15 November 1868) was a German-French banker and the founder of the French branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

and finally, Nathan would be sent to London.

Nathan Mayer Rothschild (16 September 1777 – 28 July 1836, also known as Baron Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was an English-German banker, businessman and financier. Born in Frankfurt am Main, he was the third of the five sons of Mayer Amschel Rothschild and his wife, Guttle (née Schnapper). He was the founder of the English branch of the prominent Rothschild family.

Rothschild instructed his sons to coordinate their business activities, which gave them a distinct advantage over other banking houses.

Rothschild Bloodline – Library of Rickandria

From the House of Rothschild, 1934 film:

Come, I must speak with you, all of you.

We're here, Papa, all of us.

My sons, when I go, I leave you in your mama's care.

She is wise, far wiser than I, and good.

Do always, as she says, and you will grow rich.

Come closer.

Much money is lost through sending gold by coach from one country to another.

In times of war, it is seized by the enemy.

In times of peace, by thieves.

You are five brothers.

I want you each to start a banking business in a different country.

One to go and open a house in Paris, one in Vienna, one in London.

Choose the most important centers so that when money is to be sent from here to London, it is saying, you won't have to risk life and gold.

Hampshire, here in Frankfurt, will just send a letter to Nathan in London saying, hey, so and so.

And that will be offset by loans from London to Frankfurt.

Understand? 

Yes.

In your day, there will be many wars in Europe.

A nation that has money to transport will come to the Rothschilds because it will be safe. 

Papa, you mustn't talk anymore.

The doctor...

I'm giving advice to our sons, mama, that the doctor cannot give.

Remember, unity is strength.

All your lives, you must stand by one another.

No one brother must be allowed to fail while another brother succeeds.

Our five banking houses may cover Europe, but you will be one firm, one family.

Rothschilds will work always together.

That will be your power.

And when that power comes, remember the ghetto.

I shall be here.

I shall never leave the house where they were all born.

And remember this before all, that neither business nor power nor all the gold in Europe will bring you happiness until we, our people, have equality, respect, dignity.

To trade with dignity.

To live with dignity. 

Robert Morris Jr. (January 20, 1734 – May 8, 1806) was an English-born American merchant, investor and politician who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania legislature, the Second Continental Congress, and the United States Senate, and he was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. From 1781 to 1784, he served as the Superintendent of Finance of the United States, becoming known as the "Financier of the Revolution." Along with Alexander Hamilton and Albert Gallatin, he is widely regarded as one of the founders of the financial system of the United States.

Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755, or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 during George Washington's presidency.

Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain; February 9, 1737 [O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American Founding Father, French Revolutionary, inventor, and political philosopher. He authored Common Sense (1776) and The American Crisis (1776–1783), two of the most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution, and he helped to inspire the colonial era patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of human rights.

George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799) was an American Founding Father, politician, military officer, and farmer who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Appointed by the Second Continental Congress as commander of the Continental Army in 1775, Washington led Patriot forces to victory in the American Revolutionary War and then served as president of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, which drafted the current Constitution of the United States. Washington has thus become commonly known as the "Father of his Country".

Who WAS George Washington? – Library of Rickandria

As a powerful military aide to Washington, Hamilton would openly endorse Robert Morris as a man of integrity and how a central bank would be the solution to rampant currency devaluation.

Despite Morris' earlier reputation as an unethical war profiteer, he was appointed as Superintendent of Finance of the United States in 1781 as the colonists desperately sought some sort of solution to the problem of inflation.

Immediately, Morris advocated the formation of a central bank called the Bank of North America, which would be modeled after the Bank of England.

The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694 to act as the English Government's banker and debt manager, and still one of the bankers for the Government of the United Kingdom, it is the world's eighth-oldest bank.

On December 31, 1781, the Bank of North America was given its charter by the Continental Congress and would officially open for business on January 7, 1782.

Like the Bank of England, the Bank of North America was privately owned, was given absolute dominion over the nation's currency, and could participate in fractional reserve banking.

Despite promises that the central bank would stabilize the nation's economy, it did not, and the colonists grew increasingly weary of Morris' policies and the power he held as head of the bank.

Finally, in 1785, popular support won out, and the Bank of North America's charter was revoked.

A few years later, in 1787, the Founding Fathers drafted and approved the United States Constitution.

U.S Founding Fathers’ Statements Concerning the Jews – Library of Rickandria

The document would be fully ratified a year later.

Due to rampant inflation plaguing the post-revolutionary war economy in the United States, the Founding Fathers included a provision in Article I, Section 10 of the Constitution forbidding states from emitting bills of credit and using anything but gold and silver for payment of debts. 

By prohibiting bills of credit, the Founding Fathers hoped to create a sound money system that would eliminate the plagues of inflation that the colonies suffered as a result of the continental dollar.

Unfortunately, the Constitution did not take into account the dangers of a private central bank or fractional reserve banking, which opened the door for the Money Changers to take control of the nation's monetary system.

Despite the defeat of the Bank of North America, the Money Changers would not give up in their attempts to set up a central bank.

In 1790, Alexander Hamilton, who was now Secretary of Treasury, proposed the establishment of a new central bank called the First Bank of the United States.

Hamilton sold this new central bank with the same rationale that was argued for the creation of the Bank of North America, stating that it would establish financial order.

Much like its predecessor, this new central bank would again be modeled after the formula used by the Bank of England.

Hamilton placed several non-negotiable conditions within the proposal.

These included that the bank was to be a private company, would receive a 20-year charter in which no other federal bank would be authorized, and that foreigners would be allowed to be stockholders.

Hamilton was essentially attempting to set up a control mechanism that would allow the European financiers to control the United States government by controlling the monetary system.

If this wasn't the case, why would Hamilton insist on the bank being a private company that foreigners could invest in?

Many Americans, particularly those in the South, opposed the creation of this new central bank. 

Americans feared that the bank would create a money monopoly and, like the Bank of North America, give too much power to a small group of people.

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American statesman, planter, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. He was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence. Following the American Revolutionary War and before becoming president in 1801, Jefferson was the nation's first U.S. secretary of state under George Washington and then the nation's second vice president under John Adams. Jefferson was a leading proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, and produced formative documents and decisions at the state, national, and international levels.

Thomas Jefferson: Part One – Library of Rickandria

This was a major victory for the European financiers, as Hamilton ensured that the control of US monetary policy would primarily be in the hands of private interests for the next 20 years.

Even worse is that the initial money to begin the bank was taken from the government's initial 20% upfront investment.

Through that investment, the bank used fractional-reserve banking to lend the money that would be used for private investors to put up the remaining 80% needed for the rest of the shares.

Not only were the shares obtained fraudulently, but the investors themselves were kept secret.

Just like the Bank of England, the first bank of the United States was designed to put the American people into perpetual debt.

Soon after the bank was given its 20-year charter, the US government began borrowing from the bank and would find itself in an increasing amount of debt just as the powers behind the bank's creation had planned.

The bank would only benefit its few unknown private investors, including Hamilton himself.

Hamilton was a banker, having founded the Bank of New York in 1784, which exists today as the Bank of New York Mellon.

Hamilton's involvement with the private banking industry, and his involvement as the Secretary of Treasury, would set the precedent of bankers dominating the US Treasury Department.

This practice has continued until present day.

Even though the bankers were successful in setting up their central bank, gold and silver would still play a key role in the US economy.

Alongside the establishment of the first bank of the United States, a national mint was established to strike coins.

The Coinage Act of 1792 established monetary units for coins, including the eagle and the dollar.

This piece of legislation actually defined the value of monetary units and established the dollar as the primary monetary unit of the United States and essentially put the dollar on a silver standard.

Knowing the history of the Roman Empire, the Founding Fathers included a provision that would impose the penalty of death on any employee of the mint caught debasing the coinage for their own personal gain.

In 1811, the first bank of the United States came under an increasing amount of criticism due to rising prices and increasing government debt.

When it was time to renew the charter of the bank, Congress decided not to do so.

As the United States broke free from their control of a private central bank, the money changers were not pleased.

Months later, the British, which had long since been controlled by the Bank of England, attacked the United States and the War of 1812 had begun.

The war would not go well for the British, as their primary focus continued to be on Europe, which was being ravaged by war.

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte;[1][c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. He was the leader of the French Republic as First Consul from 1799 to 1804, then of the French Empire as Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1814, and briefly again in 1815.

In 1803, the third U.S. President Thomas Jefferson, and the French military leader Napoleon, would strike a land purchase deal called the Louisiana Purchase.

 

Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (né Wesley; 1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish military officer and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, serving twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He is among the commanders who ended the Anglo-Mysore Wars when Tipu Sultan was killed in the fourth war in 1799 and among those who ended the Napoleonic Wars in a victory when the Seventh Coalition defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.

Buy, folks.

Buy.

Buy.

Yes, buy.

Have you had any news?

What do you think about this rumor?

I don't listen to rumors, Mr. Berring.

You hear what they say.

Wellington defeated.

You mind telling me what you're going to do?

I have no objection to all of them and what I'm going to do.

I'm buying.

Mrs. Rothschild asked me to give you this.

Would you come here at the exchange? 

Yes, sir.

Yes, sir.

Look at the rocks, sir.

Do you ever see such a cold-blooded fish?

It's a flower in his coat as he stands on the scaffold with a rope around his neck.

News just arrived.

Gee, that's hot.

Wellington victorious about to move.

Napoleon defeated.

The war is over. 

Get over here.

Yes, sir.

Yes, sir.

Abused.

Used for Waterloo.

Napoleon is beaten.

You've been over five.

Don't play tricks on us.

What?

It is true.

Wellington has won one war.

How did you get the news?

Yes, how did you get the news?

By carrier pigeon, from the battlefield.

Now you know our secrets.

Now will you buy.

Buy it with every security you have.

Buy it without security.

Buy it with every security you have.

Buy it.

Buy it.

 

James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison was popularly acclaimed the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the Bill of Rights.

initially opposed the First Bank of the United States.

The President, Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States, commonly known as the First Bank of the United States, was a national bank, chartered for a term of twenty years, by the United States Congress on February 25, 1791. It followed the Bank of North America, the nation's first de facto national bank. However, neither served the functions of a modern central bank: They did not set monetary policy, regulate private banks, hold their excess reserves, or act as a lender of last resort. They were national insofar as they were allowed to have branches in multiple states and lend money to the US government. Other banks in the US were each chartered by, and only allowed to have branches in, a single state.

However, under pressure to do something about the financial crisis, Madison would cave in and authorize the charter for the Second Bank of the United States.

The Second Bank of the United States was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States. Located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the bank was chartered from February 1816 to January 1836. The bank's formal name, according to section 9 of its charter as passed by Congress, was "The President, Directors, and Company, of the Bank of the United States". While other banks in the US were chartered by and only allowed to have branches in a single state, it was authorized to have branches in multiple states and lend money to the US government.

The Second Bank of the United States was really no different than the First Bank of the United States.

It was privately owned, its ownership was largely kept secret, it had the authority to create money out of nothing and could practice fractional reserve banking.

The bank was granted a 20-year federal charter.

Despite inflation and debt, the U.S. economy was starting to grow primarily due to the fact that Europe was still reeling from the Napoleonic Wars.

The Second Bank of the United States would immediately aid U.S. expansion by issuing an excessive amount of loans.

Then after issuing these loans and creating an economic bubble, the bank would call in many of its loans, thus contracting the money supply.

The sudden contraction in the money supply resulted in the Panic of 1819.

 

Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American lawyer, planter, general, and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837. Before his presidency, he gained fame as a general in the U.S. Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress. Often praised as an advocate for ordinary Americans and for his work in preserving the union of states, Jackson has also been criticized for his racial policies, particularly his treatment of Native Americans.

Nicholas Biddle (January 8, 1786 – February 27, 1844) was an American financier who served as the third and last president of the Second Bank of the United States (chartered 1816–1836). Throughout his life Biddle worked as an editor, diplomat, author, and politician who served in both houses of the Pennsylvania state legislature. He is best known as the chief opponent of Andrew Jackson in the Bank War. 

Henry Clay Sr. (April 12, 1777 – June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives. He was the seventh House speaker as well as the ninth secretary of state. He unsuccessfully ran for president in the 1824, 1832, and 1844 elections. He helped found both the National Republican Party and the Whig Party. For his role in defusing sectional crises, he earned the appellation of the "Great Compromiser" and was part of the "Great Triumvirate" of Congressmen, alongside fellow Whig Daniel Webster and Democrat John C. Calhoun. Clay died at the age of 75 in 1852.

Louis McLane (May 28, 1786 – October 7, 1857) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington, in New Castle County, Delaware, and Baltimore, Maryland. He was a veteran of the War of 1812, a member of the Federalist Party and later the Democratic Party. He served as the U.S. representative from Delaware, U.S. senator from Delaware, the tenth U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, the twelfth U.S. Secretary of State, ambassador (Minister Plenipotentiary) to Great Britain, and president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

His new secretary of treasury, William Duane, delayed the withdrawal of funds, so Jackson fired him as well.

William John Duane (May 9, 1780 – September 27, 1865) was an American politician and lawyer from Pennsylvania.  Duane served a brief term as United States Secretary of the Treasury in 1833. His refusal to withdraw Federal deposits from the Second Bank of the United States led to his dismissal by President Andrew Jackson.

Roger Brooke Taney (/ˈtɔːni/; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the fifth chief justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. Taney delivered the majority opinion in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), ruling that African Americans could not be considered U.S. citizens and that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the U.S. territories. Prior to joining the U.S. Supreme Court, Taney served as the U.S. attorney general and U.S. secretary of the treasury under President Andrew Jackson. He was the first Catholic to serve on the Supreme Court.

Taney would begin transferring government funds to the state banks.

The bank had lost its biggest depositor which angered Biddle.

Amazingly, Biddle even threatened to engineer a crisis in order to facilitate the re-charter of the bank.

Biddle, as promised, would facilitate a depression by intentionally restricting the money supply in the hopes that the crisis would lead to a re-chartering of the bank.

Biddle called in existing loans and refused to grant any additional loans.

This effectively shrank the money supply, and the United States was thrown into a financial crisis.

Biddle even had the nerve to blame Jackson for the crisis due to his involvement in removing government funds from the bank, despite the fact that Biddle was the one who created the entire crisis through the bank's monetary policy.

The crisis led to Jackson being censured by the Senate for withdrawing government funds from the bank.

Despite the censure, Biddle's public boasting of intentionally crashing the economy turned the tide against the bank.

A second attempt to re-charter the bank would eventually fail in Congress and a committee was formed to investigate if the bank had intentionally created the economic crisis.

The second defeat of the bank's re-charter and congressional approval for an investigation into the bank would lead to the final demise of the Second Bank of the United States.

Biddle refused to cooperate with the investigative committee, which would eventually lead to criminal charges of fraud being brought against him.

Meanwhile, Jackson paid off the national debt and would become the first and thus far only U.S. president to pay off the national debt in full.

Jackson's role against the bank is widely believed to have been a primary cause of an assassination attempt against him in 1835.

The assassin's two pistols misfired, and the assassin was arrested.

Later, the assassin would brag that high profile European interests put him up to the task of killing Jackson, no doubt due to his efforts to destroy their privately owned central bank.

In 1836, the bank's charter officially ended and the bank itself would go bankrupt in 1841.

Jackson would consider defeating the bank his greatest presidential accomplishment and he is still remembered to this day for it.

Biddle would eventually be acquitted of criminal charges but would later die while civil suits brought against him were being heard.

After the bank's charter ended, money lending was taken over primarily by state-chartered banks.

As a result, the banks loaned out an excessive amount of bank notes that were not backed by gold or silver.

This resulted in inflation and increasing state debts.

In 1836, Jackson required buyers of government lands to pay in gold or silver coins.

Demand for gold and silver coins rose but the local and state banks did not have enough gold or silver coins and reserves to back their paper notes.

The banks had overextended themselves by loaning out an excessive amount of paper money with inadequate reserves.

This spawned the Panic of 1837.

Even though Jackson would be blamed by many for the Panic of 1837, the economic downturn would not have happened if the banks had not loaned out money recklessly through fractional-reserve banking.

On top of the troubles domestically, the Bank of England, which was now entirely dominated by the Rothschild family, helped to make the crisis worse by refusing to accept any paper instruments associated with the United States.

Eustace Clarence Mullins Jr. (March 9, 1923 – February 2, 2010) was an American white supremacist, antisemitic conspiracy theorist, propagandist, Holocaust denier, and writer. A disciple of the poet Ezra Pound, his best-known work is The Secrets of The Federal Reserve, in which he alleged that several high-profile bankers had conspired to write the Federal Reserve Act for their own nefarious purposes, and then induced Congress to enact it into law. The Southern Poverty Law Center described him as "a one-man organization of hate".

Eustace Mullins was an Anti – Library of Rickandria

Author Eustace Mullins, in his book, The Secrets of the Federal Reserve, contends that their actions were retribution for Jackson not renewing the central bank's federal charter, which the Rothschild family held a large stake in.

The secrets of the Federal Reserve - Anna’s Archive (annas-archive.org)

Despite the economic downturn that followed, the lack of a privately run central bank and large discoveries of silver would help create an economic boom in America during the Industrial Revolution.

The European financial elite were not about to give up, however.

Despite losing their centralized power in the United States, they immediately set about gaining this power back.

Henry Clay, still a powerful member of the US Senate, would attempt twice to push a national banking act through in the early 1840s.

John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States, serving from 1841 to 1845, after briefly holding office as the tenth vice president in 1841. He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison, succeeding to the presidency following Harrison's death 31 days after assuming office. Tyler was a stalwart supporter and advocate of states' rights, including regarding slavery, and he adopted nationalistic policies as president only when they did not infringe on the states' powers. His unexpected rise to the presidency posed a threat to the presidential ambitions of Henry Clay and other Whig politicians and left Tyler estranged from both of the nation's major political parties at the time.

August Belmont Sr. (born Aaron Schönberg; December 8, 1813 – November 24, 1890) was a German-American financier, diplomat, and politician. He served as Chair of the Democratic National Committee from 1860 to 1872. He was also a thoroughbred racehorse owner and the founder and namesake of the Belmont Stakes, the third leg of the Triple Crown of American Thoroughbred horse racing.

John Pierpont Morgan (April 17, 1837 – March 31, 1913) was an American financier and investment banker who dominated corporate finance on Wall Street throughout the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. As the head of the banking firm that ultimately became known as J.P. Morgan and Co., he was a driving force behind the wave of industrial consolidations in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century.

Junius Spencer Morgan I (April 14, 1813 – April 8, 1890) was an American banker and financier, as well as the father of John Pierpont "J.P." Morgan and patriarch to the Morgan banking house.

George Peabody (February 18, 1795 – November 4, 1869) was an American financier and philanthropist. He is often considered the father of modern philanthropy.

Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869) was the 14th president of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. A northern Democrat who believed that the abolitionist movement was a fundamental threat to the nation's unity, he alienated anti-slavery groups by signing the Kansas–Nebraska Act and enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act. Conflict between North and South continued after Pierce's presidency, and, after Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, the Southern states seceded, resulting in the American Civil War.

James Buchanan Jr. (/bjuːˈkænən/ bew-KAN-ən; April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States, serving from 1857 to 1861. Buchanan also served as the secretary of state from 1845 to 1849 and represented Pennsylvania in both houses of the U.S. Congress. He was an advocate for states' rights, particularly regarding slavery, and minimized the role of the federal government preceding the Civil War.

Stephen Arnold Douglas (né Douglass; April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois. A U.S. Senator, he was one of two nominees of the badly split Democratic Party to run for president in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln. Douglas had previously defeated Lincoln in the 1858 United States Senate election in Illinois, known for the pivotal Lincoln–Douglas debates. He was one of the brokers of the Compromise of 1850, which sought to avert a sectional crisis; to further deal with the volatile issue of extending slavery into the territories, Douglas became the foremost advocate of popular sovereignty, which held that each territory should be allowed to determine whether to permit slavery within its borders. This attempt to address the issue was rejected by both pro-slavery and anti-slavery advocates. Douglas was nicknamed the "Little Giant" because he was short in physical stature but a forceful and dominant figure in politics. 

Abraham Lincoln (/ˈlɪŋkən/ LINK-ən; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the United States through the American Civil War, defending the nation as a constitutional union, defeating the insurgent Confederacy, playing a major role in the abolition of slavery, expanding the power of the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy.

Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, romanized: Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator.

He had already refused to allow the bankers to set up a central bank in Russia and recognize Lincoln's plight.

In fact, he would be the target of several assassination attempts until one finally succeeded in 1881.

During the Civil War, he ordered his Atlantic Fleet to dock in New York and his Pacific Fleet to dock in San Francisco as a show of support for Lincoln and the Union.

If the British made a move against the Union, it would be considered an act of war against Russia.

Putin is Jewish – Library of Rickandria

This effectively held off any potential for a British attack against the Union.

Unfortunately for Lincoln, the initial allocation of greenbacks authorized by Congress was not enough to win the war.

Lincoln needed additional funding and imposed a temporary income tax that led to the creation of the Office of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, which would eventually evolve into the Internal Revenue Service in the 1950s.

From the beginning of the Civil War, Lincoln's Treasury Secretary, Salmon P. Chase, favored the establishment of a national banking system to help fund the war.

Salmon Portland Chase (January 13, 1808 – May 7, 1873) was an American politician and jurist who served as the sixth chief justice of the United States from 1864 to his death in 1873. Chase served as the 23rd governor of Ohio from 1856 to 1860, represented Ohio in the United States Senate from 1849 to 1855 and again in 1861, and served as the 25th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1861 to 1864 during the administration of Abraham Lincoln. Chase is therefore one of the few American politicians who have served in the highest levels of all three branches of the federal government, in addition to serving in the highest state-level office. Prior to his Supreme Court appointment, Chase was widely seen as a potential president.

Henry Charles Carey (December 15, 1793 – October 13, 1879) was an American publisher, political economist, and politician from Pennsylvania. He was the leading 19th-century economist of the American School and a chief economic adviser to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase during the American Civil War.

Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th president of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. He assumed the presidency following the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, as he was vice president at that time. Johnson was a Democrat who ran with Abraham Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket, coming to office as the Civil War concluded. He favored quick restoration of the seceded states to the Union without protection for the newly freed people who were formerly enslaved as well as pardoning ex-Confederates. This led to conflict with the Republican-dominated Congress, culminating in his impeachment by the House of Representatives in 1868. He was acquitted in the Senate by one vote.

James Fisk Jr. (April 1, 1835 – January 7, 1872), known variously as "Big Jim", "Diamond Jim", and "Jubilee Jim" – was an American stockbroker and corporate executive who has been referred to as one of the "robber barons" of the Gilded Age. Though Fisk was admired by the working class of New York and the Erie Railroad, he achieved much ill-fame for his role in Black Friday in 1869, where he and his partner Jay Gould befriended the unsuspecting President Ulysses S. Grant in an attempt to use the President's good name in a scheme to corner the gold market in New York City. On January 7, 1872, Fisk was assassinated in New York City, in relation to his business dealings.

Jason Gould (/ɡuːld/; May 27, 1836 – December 2, 1892) was an American railroad magnate and financial speculator who founded the Gould business dynasty. He is generally identified as one of the robber barons of the Gilded Age. His sharp and often unscrupulous business practices made him one of the wealthiest men of the late nineteenth century. Gould was an unpopular figure during his life and remains controversial.

Abel Rathbone Corbin (May 24, 1808 – March 28, 1881) was an American newspaper editor, financier, and the husband of Virginia Grant, sister of President Ulysses S. Grant. In the 1830s, he edited the Missouri Argus of St. Louis, the official Democratic party organ of Missouri. He was involved in the Black Friday stock market crash of September 24, 1869.

Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877. As commanding general, Grant led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865.

Daniel Adams Butterfield (October 31, 1831 – July 17, 1901) was a New York businessman, a Union general in the American Civil War, and Assistant Treasurer of the United States.

Henry Brooks Adams (February 16, 1838 – March 27, 1918) was an American historian and a member of the Adams political family, descended from two U.S. presidents. As a young Harvard graduate, he served as secretary to his father, Charles Francis Adams, Abraham Lincoln's ambassador to the United Kingdom. The posting influenced the younger man through the experience of wartime diplomacy, and absorption in English culture, especially the works of John Stuart Mill. After the American Civil War, he became a political journalist who entertained America's foremost intellectuals at his homes in Washington and Boston.

Adams believed that Grant had tolerated, encouraged, and possibly even participated in the cornering scheme.

Regardless of France's innocence or guilt in the matter, this event proved that the price of gold could be easily manipulated by a small group of people.

This fact alone is why the European bankers sought to set up a strict gold standard because it gave them more centralized control over the U.S. economy.

According to a sworn affidavit by respected Colorado businessman Frederick A. Wilkenbach, the European bankers employed a man by the name of Ernest Seyd to bribe members of Congress to pass legislation demonetizing silver.

Ernest Seyd (March 7, 1830 – May 1, 1881), a German-born British author, banker, and economist, particularly known for his expertise in coinage and foreign exchange, and for his advocacy of bimetallism.

Said revealed the plan to Wilkenbach at a dinner party.

According to Wilkenbach's affidavit, Seyd was essentially given a blank check by the Bank of England to withdraw any amount of funds necessary to achieve the passage of the bill.

A few years later, Congress would pass the Coin Act of 1873, which would be signed into law by Grant.

The legislation demonetized silver and effectively put the United States on a gold standard.

Prior to 1873, silver could be taken to government mints and struck into coins.

By eliminating silver as money, there was a sharp contraction in the money supply.

The combination of the Retraction Act, the removal of silver as money, and the bankers refusing to loan out additional money led to the Panic of 1873 and eventually a long drawn-out depression.

The bankers would also successfully demonetize silver in many European countries, which had the same effect in those nations as well.

The period following 1873 would become known as the Long Depression.

The reduction in money had led towards rampant unemployment and despotism.

The people were angry and demanded a return to the Greenback system, the remonetization  of silver, or any other solution that would increase the money supply.

In 1876, the U.S. Silver Commission was formed to investigate the demonetization of silver and its effect it had on the economy.

The Commission's report clearly blames the engineered monetary contraction for the Depression.

Despite the report by the U.S. Silver Commission, Congress failed to immediately act on their findings.

The people were angry and desperate, prompting riots to break out in the streets of many cities.

Still, the bankers would not increase the money supply, nixing any attempts to remonetize silver or a return to Lincoln's Greenback system.

In 1877, a circular was issued by the Associated Bankers of:

• New York
• Philadelphia
• Boston

Rutherford Birchard Hayes (/ˈrʌðərfərd/; October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893) was the 19th president of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881.

The Depression allowed rich industrialists like:

• Cornelius Vanderbilt
• John D. Rockefeller
• Andrew Carnegie
• J.P. Morgan

James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 1881 until his assassination in September that year. A preacher, lawyer, and Civil War general, Garfield served nine terms in the United States House of Representatives and is the only sitting member of the House to be elected president. Before his candidacy for the presidency, he had been elected to the U.S. Senate by the Ohio General Assembly—a position he declined when he became president-elect.

Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901) was the 23rd president of the United States, serving from 1889 to 1893. He was a member of the Harrison family of Virginia—a grandson of the ninth president, William Henry Harrison, and a great-grandson of Benjamin Harrison V, a Founding Father. A Union Army veteran and a Republican, he defeated incumbent Grover Cleveland to win the presidency.

Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908) served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897. He was the first Democrat to win the presidency after the Civil War and was one of two Democratic presidents, followed by Woodrow Wilson, in an era when Republicans dominated the presidency between 1869 and 1933. Cleveland won the popular vote in three presidential elections—1884, 1888, and 1892—and is the only U.S. president to serve non-consecutive presidential terms.

William McKinley (January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901) was the 25th president of the United States, serving from 1897 until his assassination in 1901. A member of the Republican Party, he led a realignment that made Republicans largely dominant in the industrial states and nationwide for decades. He presided over victory in the Spanish–American War of 1898; gained control of Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines; restored prosperity after a deep depression; rejected the inflationary monetary policy of free silver, keeping the nation on the gold standard; and raised protective tariffs.

William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was an American lawyer, orator, and politician. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, running three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States in the 1896, 1900, and 1908 elections. He served in the House of Representatives from 1891 to 1895 and as the Secretary of State under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1915. Because of his faith in the wisdom of the common people, Bryan was often called "the Great Commoner", and because of his rhetorical power and early fame as the youngest presidential candidate, "the Boy Orator".

McKinley favored a strict gold standard and was backed by rich industrialists.

Bryan favored the return to bimetallism and free silver policies.

Bryan would secure his party nomination by delivering one of the most well-known political speeches ever delivered before a political convention entitled, Crown of Thorns, Cross of Gold.

In this speech, Bryan passionately advocated for the full re-monetization of silver.

Despite his efforts, Bryan would lose in a close race in McKinley, but his stance on the silver issue stalled the bankers' attempts to centralize their power for several decades.

In 1900, Bryan would challenge McKinley for a second time but would lose again.

McKinley had again run on a pro-gold standard platform, and shortly after winning a second term, would sign into law the Gold Standard Act, which ended the exchange of gold for silver.

President William McKinley, another fake assassination – Library of Rickandria

This effectively ended the final remaining links of bimetallism.

With the gold standard fully entrenched, the Rothschild family, alongside their European and American agents, were set to make a move to install a central bank in the United States.

Throughout the 19th century, we have seen how major US financial panics were engineered as a result of bankers manipulating the supply of money.

The bankers decided that one final economic panic would be needed to gain the support necessary for the passage of legislation authorizing a new central bank. J.P. Morgan, who would now become the prominent Rothschild operative in America, would play a central role.

Jacob Henry Schiff (born Jakob Heinrich Schiff; January 10, 1847 – September 25, 1920) was an American banker, businessman, and philanthropist. He helped finance the expansion of American railroads and the Japanese military efforts against Tsarist Russia in the Russo-Japanese War.

Abraham Kuhn (June 20, 1819 – May 30, 1892) was an American merchant and banker of German-Jewish origins, a founding partner of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. of New York City, one of the great US investment banking firms of the 19th and 20th centuries.

Solomon Loeb (June 29, 1828 – December 12, 1903) was a German-born American banker and businessman. He was a merchant in textiles and later a banker with Kuhn, Loeb & Co.

Edward Henry Harriman (February 20, 1848 – September 9, 1909) was an American financier and railroad executive.

In combination with the Rothschild-owned National City Bank of Cleveland, they would become the main financial backers of John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust.

John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American business magnate and philanthropist. He was one of the wealthiest Americans of all time and one of the richest people in modern history. Rockefeller was born into a large family in Upstate New York who moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. He became an assistant bookkeeper at age 16 and went into several business partnerships beginning at age 20, concentrating his business on oil refining. Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company in 1870. He ran it until 1897 and remained its largest shareholder. In his retirement, he focused his energy and wealth on philanthropy, especially regarding education, medicine, higher education, and modernizing the Southern United States.

The partners of Kuhn Loeb Company also held close ties to the partners of other powerful firms through blood and marriage such as Goldman Sachs and Company and Lehman Brothers.

While the Rothschilds and their agents were working to set the conditions necessary to bring back a central bank in the United States, they had also been busy funding the pillaging of Africa for resources and trying to figure out a way to overthrow the ruling Russian Romanov family.

Even though the Rothschild family had gained a tremendous amount of control over Europe through their banking businesses, they sought more.

Nathan Rothschild's son, Lionel Rothschild, would take control of N.M. Rothschild & Sons, the London branch of the Rothschild family business, following his father's death.

Baron Lionel Nathan de Rothschild (22 November 1808 – 3 June 1879) was a British Jewish banker, politician and philanthropist who was a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of England. He became the first practising Jew to sit as a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of the United Kingdom. In 1836, Lionel de Rothschild married his first cousin Baroness Charlotte von Rothschild (1819–1884), daughter of Baron Carl Mayer von Rothschild of the Rothschild banking family of Naples.

He would invest heavily in European railroads, resource and mineral companies like Rio Tinto, and in 1875 would even help the British government purchase controlling interest in the Suez Canal.

Rio Tinto set to launch world's biggest mining project after 27 years of setbacks (msn.com)

Lionel would pass away in 1879, leaving the business to his son, Nathan Mayer Rothschild II.

Nathaniel Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, GCVO, PC (8 November 1840 – 31 March 1915) was a British banker and politician from the wealthy international Rothschild family. He was also a hereditary Baron of the Austrian Empire.

In the early 1880s, the British attempted to annex two independent Boer republics called the Orange Free State and the South African Republic, otherwise known as the Transvaal Republic, which are founded primarily by Dutch settlers.

Their first attempt failed following a decisive military victory by Boer resistance leader Paul Kruger.

 

Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈkry.(j)ər]; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904), better known as Paul Kruger, was a South African politician. He was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and State President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed Oom Paul ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom and admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero.

Alfred Milner, 1st Viscount Milner, KG, GCB, GCMG, PC (23 March 1854 – 13 May 1925) was a British statesman and colonial administrator who played a very important role in the formulation of British foreign and domestic policy between the mid-1890s and early 1920s. From December 1916 to November 1918, he was one of the most important members of Prime Minister David Lloyd George's War cabinet.

Lionel George Curtis CH (1872–1955) was a British internationalist and author. He was the inspiration for the foundation of Chatham House (The Royal Institute of International Affairs) as well as the US Council On Foreign Relations at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He was a leading member of Round Table movement. His writings and influence caused the evolution of the former British nations into the Commonwealth.

Cecil John Rhodes (/ˈsɛsəl ˈroʊdz/ SES-əl ROHDZ; 5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902) was an English mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. He and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895. He also devoted much effort to realising his vision of a Cape to Cairo Railway through British territory. Rhodes set up the Rhodes Scholarship, which is funded by his estate.

Leopold de Rothschild CVO (22 November 1845 – 29 May 1917) was a British banker, thoroughbred race horse breeder, and a member of the prominent Rothschild family.

Carroll Quigley (/ˈkwɪɡli/; November 9, 1910 – January 3, 1977) was an American historian and theorist of the evolution of civilizations. He is remembered for his teaching work as a professor at Georgetown University, and his seminal works, The Evolution of Civilizations: An Introduction to Historical Analysis, and Tragedy And Hope; A History Of The World In Our Time, in which he states that an Anglo-American banking elite have worked together for centuries to spread certain values globally.

Carroll Quigley in his book Tragedy and Hope states that Rhodes' proposed secret society, known as the Society of the Elect, not only became a reality but was tied directly in with the Milner Roundtable Group.

Tragedy and Hope - Anna’s Archive (annas-archive.org)

Rhodes had envisioned a secret society modeled after the Jesuits in which he would serve as the General of the Society with an executive committee called the Group of Three and the rest of the group would be known as the Association of Helpers.

According to Quigley, the society's origins can be traced back to 1881 but the group itself was formally established in 1891 and that the Association of Helpers was organized by Milner as the Roundtable Group itself.

The Rothschilds also directed their energies toward overthrowing the Romanov family who had ruled over Russia since the 1600s.

The Jewish Takeover of Russia – Library of Rickandria

The Russian Czars which ruled during the 1800s refused to allow the creation of a privately run central bank in Russia.

With this in mind, it is interesting to note that most of the Czars that reigned during this time would either be assassinated or die suspiciously.

Alexander I (Russian: Александр I Павлович, romanized: Aleksandr I Pavlovich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈpavləvʲɪtɕ]; 23 December [O.S. 12 December] 1777 – 1 December [O.S. 19 November] 1825) nicknamed "the Blessed", was Emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825. He ruled Russia during the chaotic period of the Napoleonic Wars.

Nicholas I (6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland. He was the third son of Paul I and younger brother of his predecessor, Alexander I. Nicholas's thirty-year reign began with the failed Decembrist revolt. He is mainly remembered as a reactionary whose controversial reign was marked by geographical expansion, centralisation of administrative policies, and repression of dissent both in Russia and among its neighbors. Nicholas had a happy marriage that produced a large family; with all of their seven children surviving childhood.

Alexander II who threw his full support behind Abraham Lincoln and the Union during the American Civil War and eliminated slavery in Russia would fall victim to an assassination attempt in 1881.

Alexander II (Russian: Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, romanized: Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ]; 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 2 March 1855 until his assassination in 1881. Alexander's most significant reform as emperor was the emancipation of Russia's serfs in 1861, for which he is known as Alexander the Liberator.

Alexander III (Russian: Александр III Александрович Романов, romanized: Aleksandr III Aleksandrovich Romanov; 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. He was highly reactionary in domestic affairs and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II, a policy of "counter-reforms" (Russian: контрреформы). Under the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev (1827–1907), he acted to maximize his autocratic powers.

Aleksandr Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Улья́нов; 12 April [O.S. 31 March] 1866 – 20 May [O.S. 8 May] 1887) was a Russian revolutionary and political activist. He was the elder brother of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union.
 

One of the conspirators was Alexander Yulunov, the brother to Vladimir Illich Yulunov, a man who would later be known as Vladimir Lenin.

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until his death in 1924, and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924. Under his administration, Russia, and later the Soviet Union, became a one-party socialist state governed by the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism.

Lenin would later play a key role in the Bolshevik Revolution and the final overthrow of the Romanov family.

Vladimir Lenin is Another Fake – Library of Rickandria

Following Alexander III's death in 1894, his son Nicholas II would succeed him as the final Romanov to rule as Russian Czar.

Nicholas II (Nikolai Alexandrovich Romanov;[d] 18 May [O.S. 6 May] 1868 – 17 July 1918) or Nikolai II was the last reigning Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland, and Grand Duke of Finland from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917. He married Alix of Hesse (becoming known as Alexandra Feodorovna) in 1894 and had as children Olga (1895), Tatiana (1897), Maria (1899), Anastasia (1901) and the tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.

Theodore Roosevelt Jr.[b] (October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919), often referred to as Teddy or T. R., was an American politician, soldier, conservationist, historian, naturalist, explorer and writer who served as the 26th president of the United States from 1901 to 1909. He previously was involved in New York politics, including serving as the state's 33rd governor for two years. He was the vice president under President William McKinley for six months in 1901, assuming the presidency after McKinley's assassination. As president, Roosevelt emerged as a leader of the Republican Party and became a driving force for anti-trust and Progressive policies.

Andrew Carnegie (English: /kɑːrˈnɛɡi/ kar-NEG-ee, Scots: [kɑrˈnɛːɡi];[2][3][note 1] November 25, 1835 – August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and became one of the richest Americans in history.

Nikola Tesla (/ˈtɛslə/; Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла, [nǐkola têsla]; 10 July 1856[a] – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor. He is known for his contributions to the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system.

George Fisher Baker (March 27, 1840 – May 2, 1931) was an American financier and philanthropist. Known as the "Dean of American Banking", he was also known for his taciturnity. Baker made a fortune after the Civil War in railroads and banking, and at his death was estimated to be the third-richest man in the United States, after Henry Ford and John D. Rockefeller.

James Jewett Stillman (June 9, 1850 – March 15, 1918) was an American businessman who invested in land, banking, and railroads in New York, Texas, and Mexico. He was chairman of the board of directors of the National City Bank. He forged alliances with the Rockefeller family, Standard Oil and Kuhn, Loeb & Co. to lay a foundation that made it, arguably, "the greatest bank in the Western Hemisphere." He engaged in an expansion policy that made National City the largest bank in the United States by 1894, the first to open foreign branches, and a leader in foreign exchange. By 1902, the bank was able to pay any sum of money to any city in the world within 24 hours. He was worth approximately $77 million at the time of his death, making him one of the wealthiest people in the country at the time.

George Bruce Cortelyou (July 26, 1862 – October 23, 1940) was an American cabinet secretary of the early twentieth century. He served in various capacities in the presidential administrations of Grover Cleveland, William McKinley, and Theodore Roosevelt.

Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He opposed American entry into World War I as well as the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famed aviator Charles Lindbergh.

Nelson Wilmarth Aldrich (/ˈɑldɹɪt͡ʃ/; November 6, 1841 – April 16, 1915) was a prominent American politician and a leader of the Republican Party in the United States Senate, where he represented Rhode Island from 1881 to 1911. By the 1890s, he was one of the "Big Four" key Republicans who largely controlled the major decisions of the Senate, along with Orville H. Platt, William B. Allison, and John Coit Spooner. Because of his impact on national politics and central position on the pivotal Senate Finance Committee, he was referred to by the press and public alike as the "general manager of the Nation", dominating tariff and monetary policy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Abigail Greene Aldrich Rockefeller (October 26, 1874 – April 5, 1948) was an American socialite and philanthropist. She was a prominent member of the Rockefeller family through her marriage to financier and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr., the son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller Sr. Her father was Nelson W. Aldrich, who served as a Senator from Rhode Island. Rockefeller was known for being the driving force behind the establishment of the Museum of Modern Art. She was the mother of Nelson Rockefeller, who served from 1974 to 1977 as the 41st vice president of the United States.

John Davison Rockefeller Jr. (January 29, 1874 – May 11, 1960) was an American financier and philanthropist. Rockefeller was the fifth child and only son of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller. He was involved in the development of the vast office complex in Midtown Manhattan known as Rockefeller Center, making him one of the largest real estate holders in the city. Towards the end of his life, he was famous for his philanthropy, donating over $500 million to a wide variety of different causes, including educational establishments. Among his projects was the reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg in Virginia. He was widely blamed for having orchestrated the Ludlow Massacre and other offenses during the Colorado Coalfield War. Rockefeller was the father of six children: Abby, John III, Nelson, Laurance, Winthrop, and David.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979), sometimes referred to by his nickname Rocky, was an American businessman and politician who served as the 41st vice president of the United States from 1974 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford. A member of the Republican Party and the wealthy Rockefeller family, he previously served as the 49th governor of New York from 1959 to 1973. Rockefeller also served as assistant secretary of State for American Republic Affairs for Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman (1944–1945) as well as under secretary of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) under Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1954. A son of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller as well as a grandson of Standard Oil co-founder John D. Rockefeller, he was a noted art collector and served as administrator of Rockefeller Center in Manhattan, New York City.

David Rockefeller (June 12, 1915 – March 20, 2017) was an American economist and investment banker who served as chairman and chief executive of Chase Manhattan Corporation. He was the oldest living member of the third generation of the Rockefeller family, and family patriarch from 2004 until his death in 2017. Rockefeller was the fifth son and youngest child of John D. Rockefeller Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, and a grandson of John D. Rockefeller and Laura Spelman Rockefeller.  He was noted for his wide-ranging political connections and foreign travel, in which he met with many foreign leaders. His fortune was estimated at $3.3 billion at the time of his death.

Paul Moritz Warburg (August 10, 1868 – January 24, 1932) was a German-born American investment banker who served as the second vice chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1916 to 1918. Prior to his term as vice chairman, Warburg served as one of the original members of the Federal Reserve Board, taking office in 1914. He was an early advocate for the establishment of the US central bank system.

Henry Pomeroy Davison Sr. (June 12, 1867 – May 6, 1922) was an American banker and philanthropist.

Benjamin Strong Jr. (December 22, 1872 – October 16, 1928) was an American banker. He served as Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for 14 years until his death. He exerted great influence over the policy and actions of the entire Federal Reserve System and indeed over the financial policies of all of the United States and Europe.

Frank Arthur Vanderlip Sr. (November 17, 1864 – June 30, 1937) was an American banker and journalist. He was president of the National City Bank of New York (now Citibank) from 1909 to 1919, and Assistant Secretary of the Treasury from 1897 to 1901. Vanderlip is known for his part in founding the Federal Reserve System and for founding the first Montessori school in the United States, the Scarborough School and the group of communities in Palos Verdes, California.

William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930) was an American politician and lawyer who was the 27th president of the United States, serving from 1909 to 1913, and the tenth chief justice of the United States, serving from 1921 to 1930, the only person to have held both offices. Taft was elected president in 1908, the chosen successor of Theodore Roosevelt, but was defeated for reelection in 1912 by Woodrow Wilson after Roosevelt split the Republican vote by running as a third-party candidate. In 1921, President Warren G. Harding appointed Taft to be chief justice, a position he held until a month before his death.

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. He was a progressive Democrat who previously served as the governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913 and as the president of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910. As president, Wilson changed the nation's economic policies and led the United States into World War I. He was the leading architect of the League of Nations, and his progressive stance on foreign policy came to be known as Wilsonianism.

Edward Mandell House (July 26, 1858 – March 28, 1938) was an American diplomat, and an adviser to President Woodrow Wilson. He was known as Colonel House, although his title was honorary and he had performed no military service. He was a highly influential backroom politician in Texas before becoming a key supporter of the presidential bid of Wilson in 1912 by managing his campaign, beginning in July 1911. Having a self-effacing manner, he did not hold office but was an "executive agent", Wilson's chief adviser on European politics and diplomacy during World War I (1914–1918). He became a government official as one of the five American commissioners to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. In 1919, Wilson broke with House and many other top advisers, believing they had deceived him at Paris.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria[a] (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary.[2] His assassination in Sarajevo was the most immediate cause of World War I.

On one side was the:

• United Kingdom
• France
• Russia

Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964) was the 31st president of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933. He was a member of the Republican Party, and held office during the onset of the Great Depression. A wealthy mining engineer before his presidency, Hoover led the wartime Commission for Relief in Belgium and was the director of the U.S. Food Administration, followed by post-war relief of Europe. In the 1920s, he served as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce.

Hoover organized an expansive program to provide food to the Bolshevik government throughout the early 1920s via the American Relief Administration.

The food supplies saved the faltering Bolshevik government which would later enable Joseph Stalin to engage in a campaign of mass murder against landowners and businessmen.

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin[f] (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili;[g] 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1922 to 1952 and Chairman of the Council of Ministers from 1941 until his death. Initially governing as part of a collective leadership, Stalin consolidated power to become dictator by the 1930s; he formalized his Leninist interpretation of Marxism as Marxism-Leninism, while the totalitarian political system he established became known as Stalinism.

Joseph Stalin was Jewish – Library of Rickandria

Later in life, Hoover would adopt a reputation for being a staunch anti-communist despite the fact that his actions aided the communist regime of the Bolsheviks when they were in danger of losing power.

Back in the United States, Wilson retained a position of neutrality during World War I, but this policy would change after a series of events following the controversial sinking of the passenger ship, the Lusitania, by a German U-boat.

The Sinking of the Lusitania was Faked – Library of Rickandria

Wilson's advisor, Colonel Edward Mandell House, who had previously encouraged him to sign the Federal Reserve Act, also encouraged Wilson to enter the war by falsely claiming that it was a great struggle between democracy and autocracy.

There is little doubt that House had a tremendous amount of influence not only within the Wilson Administration, but in the larger game of geopolitics throughout the early part of the 20th century.

In 1912, he actually authored a book entitled Philip Drew Administrator, in which the main character Drew becomes dictator of the United States and implements a series of reforms that would actually mirror future real-life events that would take place during the Woodrow Wilson 

Franklin Delano Roosevelt[a] (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. The longest serving U.S. president, he is the only president to have served more than two terms. His initial two terms were centered on combating the Great Depression, while his third and fourth saw him shift his focus to America's involvement in World War II.

In return, the Germans promised Mexico support in reclaiming:

• Texas
• New Mexico
• Arizona

Early members of the Council on Foreign Relations would include associates of:

• J.P. Morgan and Company
• Kuhn Loeb Company
• Standard Oil

Despite this, the League of Nations was not a complete failure for the bankers, as the origins of current institutions under the United Nations such as:

• UNESCO
• the International Court of Justice
• World Health Organization

Robert Latham Owen Jr. (February 2, 1856 – July 19, 1947) was one of the first two U.S. senators from Oklahoma. He served in the Senate between 1907 and 1925.

Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death in 1923. A member of the Republican Party, he was one of the most popular sitting U.S. presidents while in office. After his death, a number of scandals were exposed, including Teapot Dome, as well as an extramarital affair with Nan Britton, which tarnished his reputation.

Montagu Collet Norman, 1st Baron Norman DSO PC (6 September 1871 – 4 February 1950) was an English banker, best known for his role as the Governor of the Bank of England from 1920 to 1944.

Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 – June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870 – June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman.

Joseph Patrick Kennedy Sr. (September 6, 1888 – November 18, 1969) was an American businessman, investor, philanthropist, and politician. He is known for his own political prominence as well as that of his children and was a patriarch of the Kennedy family, which included president John F. Kennedy, attorney general and senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime senator Ted Kennedy.

Nature still offers her bounty, and human efforts have multiplied it.

Plenty is at our doorstep, but a generous use of it languishes in the very sight of the supply.

Primarily, this is because the rulers of the exchange of mankind's good have failed through their own stubbornness and their own incompetence, have admitted their failure, and have abdicated.

Practices of the unscrupulous money changers stand indicted in the court of public opinion, rejected by the hearts and minds of men.

True, they have tried, but their efforts have been cast in the pattern of an outworn tradition.

Faced by failure of credit, they have proposed only the lending of more money.

Stripped of the lure of profit by which to induce our people to follow their false leadership, they have resorted to exhortations, pleading carefully for restored confidence.

They only know the rules of a generation of self-seekers.

They have no vision, and when there is no vision, the people perish.

Yes, the money changers have fled from their high seats in the temple of our civilization.

We may now restore that temple to the ancient truths.

In fact, during the early to mid-1930s, the banks were so hated by Americans that bank robbers like:

• John Dillinger
• Bonnie Parker
• Clyde Burrow

otherwise known as Bonnie and Clyde, were considered by many to be modern-day heroes drawing comparisons to Robin Hood.

Bonnie Elizabeth Parker (October 1, 1910 – May 23, 1934) and Clyde Chestnut "Champion" Barrow (March 24, 1909 – May 23, 1934) were American bandits and serial killers who traveled the Central United States with their gang during the Great Depression. The couple was known for their bank robberies and multiple murders, although they preferred to rob small stores or rural funeral homes. Their exploits captured the attention of the American press and its readership during what is occasionally referred to as the "public enemy era" between 1931 and 1934. They were ambushed by police and shot dead in Bienville Parish, Louisiana. They are believed to have murdered at least nine police officers and four civilians.

John Dillinger was Fictional – Library of Rickandria

From 1933 to 1937, unemployment would decline steadily but would rise again following tax increases by FDR.

Unemployment would remain high throughout the remainder of the decade until the start of World War II.

But while the United States and many other nations were in economic turmoil during this entire decade, Germany was being transformed into a center of economic and military power.

After World War I, Germany was the country held primarily responsible for the damages suffered by the Allies during the war.

The war reparations Germany was forced to pay represented an enormous sum of money and was considered to be such a large burden that many economists believe it to be one of the causes that contributed to the eventual hyperinflation that ravaged Germany's post-war economy during the 1920s.

Inflation was so bad that some people found it more cost-effective to actually burn bundles of paper money than to use it to buy firewood.

War reparations, which were largely blamed for Germany's economic problems, angered the German people, allowing the National Socialist Party, or the Nazi Party, to slowly gain an increasing amount of political support.

The BEER HALL PUTSCH was Faked! – Library of Rickandria

When the Great Depression hit Germany in 1930, it would set the stage for the Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, to eventually gain power in 1933.

Hitler’s Genealogy – Library of Rickandria

Shortly after, Hitler would quickly rebuild Germany's military and become a powerful force on the European continent.

But how did a country that was only recently ravaged by World War I, forced to pay large sums of war reparations and experience a hyperinflationary economic collapse, rise to become a dominant military force in such a short period of time?

In order to answer this question, we must first look at the Bank for International Settlements, an international banking institution that was formed in 1930 with headquarters in Basel, Switzerland.

The BIS – Bank for International Settlements – Library of Rickandria

Originally the Bank was formed to facilitate German war reparations payments but would also begin serving the role of settling transactions between central banks.

The Bank was formed by Bank of England governor Sir Montagu Norman and Hjalmar Schacht, who would later become Hitler's finance minister.

Hjalmar Schacht (born Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht; 22 January 1877 – 3 June 1970, German pronunciation: [ˈjalmaʁ ˈʃaxt]) was a German economist, banker, politician, and co-founder of the German Democratic Party. He served as the Currency Commissioner and President of the Reichsbank under the Weimar Republic. He was a fierce critic of his country's post-World War I reparations obligations. He was also central in helping create the group of German industrialists and landowners that pushed Hindenburg to appoint the first NSDAP-led government.

Key positions would also be held by members of the Nazi Party.

The Bank would be used by Schatt to attract investments in the German economy.

Investors from the US, the UK, and other World War I allied countries would funnel money through the Bank, which would eventually end up funding Hitler's war machine.

It would also be used by the Germans during the war to seize wealth from nations they ended up conquering.

American automobile companies such as Ford Motors and General Motors would actually use their German manufacturing plants to aid Hitler's war machine.

Both Ford and GM controlled a large portion of the German car market prior to World War II and would revamp their plants to become suppliers of war material to the German military.

 

Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist and business magnate. As the founder of the Ford Motor Company, he is credited as a pioneer in making automobiles affordable for middle-class Americans through the system that came to be known as Fordism. In 1911 he was awarded a patent for the transmission mechanism that would be used in the Ford Model T and other automobiles.

James Mooney (February 10, 1861 – December 22, 1921) was an American ethnographer who lived for several years among the Cherokee. Known as "The Indian Man", he conducted major studies of Southeastern Indians, as well as of tribes on the Great Plains. He did ethnographic studies of the Ghost Dance, a spiritual movement among various Native American culture groups, after Sitting Bull's death in 1890. His works on the Cherokee include The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees (1891), and Myths of the Cherokee (1900). All were published by the US Bureau of American Ethnology, within the Smithsonian Institution.

Max Moritz Warburg (5 June 1867 – 26 December 1946) was a German banker and scion of the wealthy Warburg family based in Hamburg, Germany.

Edwin Black (born February 27, 1950) is an American historian and author, as well as a syndicated columnist, investigative journalist, and weekly talk show host on The Edwin Black Show. He specializes in human rights, the historical interplay between economics and politics in the Middle East, petroleum policy, academic fraud, corporate criminality and abuse, and the financial underpinnings of Nazi Germany.

As documented in the book IBM and the Holocaust by Edwin Black, International Business Machines, or IBM, led by its founder Thomas Watson, would supply its automation technology to Germany that would be used heavily throughout the Third Reich, including Hitler's concentration camp system.

IBM and the Holocaust: the strategic alliance between Nazi Germany and America's most powerful corporation - Anna’s Archive (annas-archive.org)

IBM's enabling technologies would even help determine if an individual would live or die within the German concentration camps.

In our instance of American business interests playing a role in assisting the Nazi war machine can be seen with the Union Banking Corporation.

The bank would actually have its assets seized by the US government during World War II under the Trading with the Enemy Act due to its ties to Fritz Thyssen, a German industrialist who was a confirmed early supporter of Hitler.

Friedrich "Fritz" Thyssen (9 November 1873 – 8 February 1951) was a German businessman, born into one of Germany's leading industrial families. He was an early supporter of the Nazi Party but later broke with it.

Prescott Sheldon Bush Sr. (May 15, 1895 – October 8, 1972) was an American banker and Republican Party politician. After working as a Wall Street executive investment banker, he represented Connecticut in the United States Senate from 1952 to 1963. A member of the Bush family, he was the father of President George H. W. Bush, and the paternal grandfather of President George W. Bush and Florida Governor Jeb Bush.

Prescott Bush, (Skull & Bones) the father of future US President George Herbert Walker Bush

George Herbert Walker Bush[a] (June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018) was an American politician, diplomat, and businessman who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the 43rd vice president from 1981 to 1989 under Ronald Reagan and previously in various other federal positions.

and grandfather to future US President George W. Bush, was one of the bank's directors.

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and businessman who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. A member of the Republican Party, he also served as the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.

LOOKS LIKE the Bushes are Jewish – Library of Rickandria

E. Roland Harriman, the son of railroad baron E.H. Herriman, served as the bank chairman.

Edward Roland Noel "Bunny" Harriman (December 24, 1895 – February 16, 1978) was an American financier and philanthropist.

Interestingly enough, Union Banking Corporation was only one of several Herriman business interests seized under the Trading with the Enemy Act.

Essentially, the rise of the German military during the 1930s was primarily the result of foreign investments and in particular aid from Wall Street and other American business interests.

Even the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor appeared to have been allowed to happen in order for FDR to have the excuse he needed to bring the US into the war.

JEWISH BANKSTERS’ WAR ON AMERICA & THE WORLD – Library of Rickandria

Prior to the attacks, the US would engage in a series of provocative acts against Japan.

The US actually applied economic sanctions by halting exports, which in effect severely limited their access to resources.

The US would also begin supplying arms to countries that were fighting against Japanese allied nations.

Both of these actions could have been considered acts of war themselves.

A top-secret memorandum written by Lieutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum in 1940 of the Office of Naval Intelligence and declassified in 1994 contained plans to provoke the Japanese into war.

 

Arthur Howard McCollum (August 4, 1898 – April 1, 1976) was an American Naval Officer as well as a key member of the Intelligence agency in the Southwest Pacific. He was born in Nagasaki, Japan to two Baptist Missionaries. He spent several years in Japan after his graduation from the Naval Academy granting him a large amount of knowledge about East Asia and the Southwest Pacific that proved key in his interactions with Naval Intelligence.  McCollum served as an American Naval Officer and retired in 1951 as Rear Admiral and consultant after World War II to the Central Intelligence Group and Central Intelligence Agency.

Robert Stinnett's book, Day of Deceit, The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor, accuses the FDR administration of having foreknowledge of the Pearl Harbor attack and not doing anything to prevent it.

Day of deceit: the truth about FDR and Pearl Harbor - Anna’s Archive (annas-archive.org)

Not only does the book document the contents of the McCollum memorandum, but it also details how FDR's administration would fail to provide Admiral Husband E. Kimmel, the Pearl Harbor commander, intelligence information that would have been vital to preparing the base for an attack.
 

Husband Edward Kimmel (February 26, 1882 – May 14, 1968) was a United States Navy four-star admiral who was the commander in chief of the United States Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT) during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. He was removed from that command after the attack, in December 1941, and was reverted to his permanent two-star rank of rear admiral due to no longer holding a four-star assignment. He retired from the Navy in early 1942. The United States Senate voted to restore Kimmel's permanent rank to four stars in 1999, but President Clinton did not act on the resolution, and neither have any of his successors.

Trygve Halvdan Lie (/liː/ LEE, Norwegian: [ˈtrʏ̂gʋə ˈliː] ⓘ; 16 July 1896 – 30 December 1968) was a Norwegian politician, labour leader, government official and author. He served as Norwegian foreign minister during the critical years of the Norwegian government in exile in London from 1940 to 1945. From 1946 to 1952 he was the first secretary-general of the United Nations.

The 18 acres in midtown Manhattan are chosen by a vote of 46 to 7.

The international organization's wanderings are over.

Work of clearing the land for a magnificent world capital will start in a few months.

But even if the Allies were not victorious over the Axis powers, the result would have still been the same.

The Nazis allied with Italy and Japan would have also sought to bring about global government.

Hitler spoke in 1940 of forming a new order in Europe, ruled by the Third Reich, followed by future plans for German domination of Africa and the Americas.

His plans for a new order would ultimately fail, following Operation Barbarossa, the failed German invasion of Russia, in 1941.

This military failure would mark the beginning of the end for Germany during World War II and end Hitler's dream of a new order.

The only real difference between the two sides is that Hitler sought to implement global government through military conquest out in the open, whereas the Allied powers believed in a slower, more methodical approach to achieve the same goal.

This would make sense considering the powers funding both sides of the war openly believed in the virtues of global government.

With the defeat of the Axis powers in World War II, the main push towards global government would begin.

Paul Warburg's son, James Paul Warburg, would fall in his father's footsteps, eventually becoming a powerful Wall Street banker, filling high-level positions at banks including the International Acceptance Bank and the Bank of Manhattan.

James Paul Warburg (August 18, 1896 – June 3, 1969) was a German-born American banker, businessman, and writer. He was well known for being the financial adviser to Franklin D. Roosevelt. His father was banker Paul Warburg, member of the Warburg family and "father" of the Federal Reserve system. After World War II, Warburg helped organize the Society for the Prevention of World War III in support of the Morgenthau Plan.

Warburg would become a financial advisor to FDR in the early to mid-1930s, and during World War II would become a special assistant to Wild Bill Donovan, who in 1941 was appointed the head of the Office of the Coordinator of Information.

 

William Joseph "Wild Bill" Donovan KBE (January 1, 1883 – February 8, 1959) was an American soldier, lawyer, intelligence officer and diplomat. He is best known for serving as the head of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the precursor to the Bureau of Intelligence and Research and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), during World War II. He is regarded as the founding father of the CIA, and a statue of him stands in the lobby of the CIA headquarters building in Langley, Virginia.

Dwight David Eisenhower (/ˈaɪzənhaʊ.ər/ EYE-zən-how-ər; born David Dwight Eisenhower; October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was an American military officer and statesman who served as the 34th president of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force in Europe and achieved the five-star rank as General of the Army. Eisenhower planned and supervised two of the most consequential military campaigns of World War II: Operation Torch in the North Africa campaign in 1942–1943 and the invasion of Normandy in 1944.

Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild, FRS (8 February 1868 – 27 August 1937) was a British banker, politician, zoologist and soldier, who was a member of the Rothschild family. As a Zionist leader, he was presented with the Balfour Declaration, which pledged British support for a Jewish national home in Palestine. Rothschild was the president of the Board of Deputies of British Jews from 1925 to 1926.

Baron Abraham Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild (Hebrew: הברון אברהם אדמונד בנימין ג'יימס רוטשילד, romanized: HaBaron Avraham Edmond Binyamin Ya'akov Rotshield; 19 August 1845 – 2 November 1934) was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his large donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years, which helped lead to the establishment of the State of Israel—where he is simply known as "The Baron Rothschild", "HaBaron" (lit. 'The Baron'), or "Hanadiv Hayeduah" (lit. 'The noble donator').

James Armand Edmond de Rothschild DCM DL (1 December 1878 – 7 May 1957), sometimes known as Jimmy de Rothschild, was a British Liberal politician and philanthropist, from the wealthy Rothschild international banking dynasty.

Dorothy de Rothschild (née Pinto; 7 March 1895 – 10 December 1988) was an English philanthropist and activist for Jewish affairs who married into the wealthy Rothschild banking family.

Here is his warning.

Now this conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience.

The total influence, economic, political, even spiritual, is felt in every city, every state house, every office of the federal government.

We recognize the imperative need for this development, yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications.

Our toil, resources, and livelihood are all involved.

So is the very structure of our society.

In the councils of government, we must guard against the acquisition of unwarranted influence, whether sought or unsought, by the military industrial complex.

The potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.

We must never let the weight of this combination endanger our liberty or democratic process.

We should take nothing for granted. 

Only an alert and knowledgeable citizen can compel the proper meshing of the huge industrial and military machinery of defense with our peaceful methods and goals, so that security and liberty may prosper together.

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to as JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person elected president.[a] Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the United States Congress prior to his presidency.

Initially, it was thought that JFK could be easily controlled by the international bankers and the shadow government, which had formed in the post-World War II era.

THE HIDDEN KING(S): Camelot Ruled from the Cave of Merlin – Library of Rickandria

They were mistaken as Kennedy started working for the best interests of the American people and against the shadow government.

Kennedy would sign Executive Order 11110, which authorized the Treasury to issue silver certificates backed 100% by silver bullion.

In other words, Kennedy authorized the Treasury to issue money that was entirely outside the control of the international bankers.

Kennedy would even fire Allen Dulles, the powerful head of the CIA, following the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba.

Allen Welsh Dulles (/ˈdʌlɪs/ DUL-iss; April 7, 1893 – January 29, 1969) was an American lawyer who was the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and its longest serving director to date. As head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the early Cold War, he oversaw the 1953 Iranian coup d'état, the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état, the Lockheed U-2 aircraft program, the Project MKUltra mind control program, and the Bay of Pigs Invasion in 1961. As a result of the failed invasion of Cuba, Dulles was fired by President John F. Kennedy.

Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963.

The Warren Commission and subsequent investigations into Kennedy's assassination have been widely criticized and are no longer believed by the public to tell the whole story behind the assassination.

Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (/ˈdʒɛrəld/ JERR-əld;[1] born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. He previously served as the leader of the Republican Party in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1965 to 1973, and as the 40th vice president under President Richard Nixon from 1973 to 1974. Ford succeeded to the presidency when Nixon resigned in 1974, but was defeated for election to a full term in 1976. Ford is the only person to serve as president without winning an election for president or vice president.

Looking specifically at the Warren Commission, its credibility should be questioned considering that its members included Allen Dulles, who was just fired from the CIA by Kennedy, future U.S. President Gerald Ford, and John J. McCloy, who was the chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations from 1954 to 1970.

John Jay McCloy (March 31, 1895 – March 11, 1989) was an American lawyer, diplomat, banker, and presidential advisor. He served as Assistant Secretary of War during World War II under Henry Stimson. In this capacity he dealt with German sabotage and political tensions in the North Africa Campaign. He was both the prime mover of Japanese internment and one of the few high-ranking Federal bureaucrats to advocate against the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After the war, he served as the president of the World Bank, U.S. High Commissioner for Germany, chairman of Chase Manhattan Bank, chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, a member of the Warren Commission, and a prominent United States adviser to all presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt to Ronald Reagan.  McCloy is best remembered as a member of the foreign policy establishment group of elders called "The Wise Men", a group of statesmen marked by nonpartisanship, pragmatic internationalism, and aversion to ideological fervor.

JFK's brother, Robert Kennedy, had questioned the results of the Warren Commission but during his own run for president in 1968 would also be assassinated.

Robert Francis Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also known by his initials RFK, was an American politician and lawyer. He served as the 64th United States attorney general from January 1961 to September 1964, and as a U.S. senator from New York from January 1965 until his assassination in June 1968, when he was running for the Democratic presidential nomination. Like his brothers John F. Kennedy and Ted Kennedy, he was a prominent member of the Democratic Party and is an icon of modern American liberalism.

Simply put, the establishment had the most to gain by assassinating Kennedy so their agenda of war and debt generation could continue.

Following Kennedy's assassination, his successor, Lyndon Baines Johnson, would halt the Treasury's issuance of silver certificates, dramatically increase government spending through his Great Society program, and escalate the war in Vietnam.

Lyndon Baines Johnson (/ˈlɪndən ˈbeɪnz/; August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973), often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th president of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He became president after the assassination of John F. Kennedy, under whom he had served as the 37th vice president from 1961 to 1963. A Democrat from Texas, Johnson also served as a U.S. representative and U.S. senator.

In fact, the Gulf of Tonkin incident, which is widely proclaimed to be the event that triggered the beginning of the Vietnam War, was based off of lies and never even happened.

False Flag Operations – Library of Rickandria

Defense Secretary Robert McNamara would claim that North Vietnamese patrol boats had attacked U.S. warships in the Gulf of Tonkin during two separate incidents on the dates of August 2, 1964, and August 4, 1964.

Robert Strange McNamara (/ˈmæknəmærə/; June 9, 1916 – July 6, 2009) was an American businessman and government official who served as the eighth United States secretary of defense from 1961 to 1968 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson at the height of the Cold War. He remains the longest-serving secretary of defense, having remained in office over seven years. He played a major role in promoting the U.S.'s involvement in the Vietnam War. McNamara was responsible for the institution of systems analysis in public policy, which developed into the discipline known today as policy analysis.

My fellow Americans, as President and Commander-in-Chief, it is my duty to the American people to report that renewed hostile actions against United States ships on the high seas in the Gulf of Tonkin have today required me to order the military forces of the United States to take action in reply.

The initial attack on the destroyer Maddox on August 2 was repeated today by a number of hostile vessels attacking two U.S. destroyers with torpedoes.

The destroyers and supporting aircraft acted at once on the orders I gave after the initial act of aggression.

We believe at least two of the attacking boats were sunk.

There were no U.S. losses.

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. A member of the Republican Party, he previously served as a representative and senator from California and as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961 under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His presidency saw the reduction of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, détente with the Soviet Union and China, the Apollo 11 Moon landing, and the establishment of the Environmental Protection Agency and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Nixon's second term ended early when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office, as a result of the Watergate scandal.
 

The third indispensable element in building the new prosperity is closely related to creating new jobs and halting inflation.

We must protect the position of the American dollar as a pillar of monetary stability around the world.

In the past seven years, there's been an average of one international monetary crisis every year.

Now, who gains from these crises?

Not the working man, not the investor, not the real producers of wealth.

The gainers are the international money speculators.

Because they thrive on crises, they help to create them.

In recent weeks, the speculators have been waging an all-out war on the American dollar.  

The strength of a nation's currency is based on the strength of that nation's economy.

And the American economy is by far the strongest in the world. Accordingly, I have directed the Secretary of the Treasury to take the action necessary to defend the dollar against the speculators.

I have directed Secretary Conley to suspend temporarily the convertibility of the dollar into gold or other reserve assets, except in amounts and conditions determined to be in the interest of monetary stability and in the best interest of the United States.

Now, what is this action, which is very technical, what does it mean for you?

Let me lay to rest the bugaboo of what is called devaluation. 

If you want to buy a foreign car or take a trip abroad, market conditions may cause your dollar to buy slightly less.

But if you are among the overwhelming majority of Americans who buy American-made products in America, your dollar will be worth just as much tomorrow as it is today.

The effect of this action, in other words, will be to stabilize the dollar.

Now, this action will not win us any friends among the international money traders, but our primary concern is with the American workers and with fair competition around the world.

To our friends abroad, including the many responsible members of the international banking community who are dedicated to stability and the flow of trade, I give this assurance.

The United States has always been and will continue to be a forward-looking and trustworthy trading partner.

In full cooperation with the International Monetary Fund and those who trade with us, we will press for the necessary reforms to set up an urgently needed new international monetary system.

Stability and equal treatment are in everybody's best interest.

I am determined that the American dollar must never again be a hostage in the hands of international speculators.

Thank you. 

International Gold Standards

Ian Lancaster Fleming (28 May 1908 – 12 August 1964) was an English writer, best known for his postwar James Bond series of spy novels. Fleming came from a wealthy family connected to the merchant bank Robert Fleming & Co., and his father was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Henley from 1910 until his death on the Western Front in 1917. Educated at Eton, Sandhurst, and, briefly, the universities of Munich and Geneva, Fleming moved through several jobs before he started writing. 

Congressman Crane, you suggested all this.

Why?

Well, I did because there were rampant rumors and members of Congress were receiving a great deal of mail based on the charge that significant portions of our gold reserves at Fort Knox were gone.

So, I had suggested to Secretary of the Treasury Simon that I thought this would be a good way, I think, to dispel those rumors.

Arthur Frank Burns (April 27, 1904 – June 26, 1987) was an American economist and diplomat who served as the 10th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1970 to 1978. He previously chaired the Council of Economic Advisers under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1956, and served as the first Counselor to the President under Richard Nixon from January to November 1969. He also taught and researched at Rutgers University, Columbia University, and the National Bureau of Economic Research.

Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. (September 5, 1927 – December 8, 2019) was an American economist who served as the 12th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1979 to 1987. During his tenure as chairman, Volcker was widely credited with having ended the high levels of inflation seen in the United States throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, with measures known as the Volcker shock. He previously served as the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York from 1975 to 1979.

Ronald Wilson Reagan[a] (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, his presidency constituted the Reagan era, and he is considered one of the most prominent American conservative figures.

Ronald Reagan: The Alien Thread – Library of Rickandria

Reagan early in his political career promoted libertarian principles and the virtues of small government, but none of these ideals would be implemented while he was president.

Shortly into his presidency, an attempt on his life would be made by John Hinckley Jr., a man whose family had ties to the family of George Herbert Walker Bush, the former CIA director and now sitting vice president.

John Warnock Hinckley Jr. (born May 29, 1955) is an American man who attempted to assassinate U.S. president Ronald Reagan as he left the Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C., on March 30, 1981, two months after Reagan's first inauguration. Using a revolver, Hinckley wounded Reagan, police officer Thomas Delahanty, Secret Service agent Tim McCarthy and White House Press Secretary James Brady. Brady was left disabled and died 33 years later from his injuries.

Some believe the assassination attempt was part of a larger conspiracy to remove Reagan and for Bush to take over as president in the early 1980s.

Although the assassination attempt had failed, the Reagan administration from that point forward would advance the elite's agenda throughout the 1980s.

No nation in history has ever survived a tax burden that reached a third of its national income.

Today, 37 cents out of every dollar earned in this country is the tax collector's share, and yet our government continues to spend $17 million a day more than the government takes in.

We haven't balanced our budget 28 out of the last 34 years.

We've raised our debt limit three times in the last 12 months, and now our national debt is one and a half times bigger than all the combined debts of all the nations of the world.

We have $15 billion in gold in our treasury.

We don't own an ounce.

Foreign dollar claims are $27.3 billion.

And we've just had an ounce that the dollar of 1939 will now purchase 45 cents in its total value.

Reagan would order the creation of the U.S. Gold Commission in order to investigate the prospect of returning the country to a gold standard as a way to satisfy the concerns of many Americans.

The commission was well represented by members of the Federal Reserve and as expected, concluded that returning to a gold standard would be a mistake.

Of course, as we have documented previously, returning to a gold standard would not truly represent a real solution anyway.

The Reagan administration would also order the creation of the Grace Commission to explore waste and inefficiency in government.

The group was led by J. Peter Grace, a member of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Joseph Peter Grace Jr. (May 25, 1913 – April 19, 1995) was an American industrialist who was president of the diversified chemical company, W. R. Grace & Co., for 48 years, making him the longest serving CEO of a public company.

Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926) is an American economist who served as the 13th chairman of the Federal Reserve from 1987 to 2006. He worked as a private adviser and provided consulting for firms through his company, Greenspan Associates LLC.

There's never been a day like this one on the stock market.

Panic selling around the world has shattered records.

Even the records set in the Wall Street crash of 1929.

On Friday, the New York Exchange dropped more than 100 points for the first time.

Today, the plunge was five times that. By the time they stopped counting, it had fallen 508.32 points.

Today's final New York figure won't be known until tomorrow.

And the Toronto 300 Composite Index closed with a record drop of 407.20 points.

All this affects more than just the people in the stock market.

It affects everybody.  

With high interest rates and a strengthening U.S. dollar, the value of:

• gold
• silver
• oil

SAUCE: